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welcome to the space flight operations

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facility at nasa's jet propulsion

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laboratory in pasadena california this

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is the home of nasa's deep space network

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in this room is the nerve center of the

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network of the network that communicates

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with spacecraft across the solar system

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commands are both sent to those

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spacecraft over 30 of them and data is

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received here on the ground from those

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spacecraft located millions and billions

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of miles away from earth

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when we say deep space we're not

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exaggerating

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hello and welcome i'm veronica mcgregor

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and this is our 80th nasa social event

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we've been holding nasa social events at

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nasa centers and in other locations

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across the country since 2009 as a way

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to bring in the public to see what their

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space agency is doing and to spend a day

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or even two days behind the scenes

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they'll have the opportunity to talk to

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the spacecraft engineers the scientists

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and the technicians who make the deep

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space network operate

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you may recognize this particular room

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that we're in this is the same room that

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the curiosity landing team used in

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august of 2012 to watch intently as the

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curiosity rover

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became closer to mars and then

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ultimately safely landed on the planet

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uh of course the deep space network is

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crucial to all of our spacecraft

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operations and you're going to hear

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from the people today you're going to

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hear from the scientists and engineers

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who rely on it

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the people in this room get the added

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bonus of tomorrow they're going to the

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goldstone complex that's located near

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barstow california that is one of three

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locations around the world where we have

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the deep space network antenna and uh

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believe me when you're standing in the

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shadow of a 230 foot dish you will be

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very impressed the pictures absolutely

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do not do it justice now for those of

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you who are watching on nasa tv or or

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the live stream

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obviously you can't be with us tomorrow

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but i want to tell you that we're using

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the hashtag dsn50

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so you can follow hopefully everyone

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here in the room is going to be

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posting a lot to either instagram or

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twitter or any of the other social media

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platforms follow that hashtag and you'll

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be able to see all those pictures both

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later today and tomorrow when we're out

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there at goldstone

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all right so now we're going to start

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with a short overview that explains just

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deep space network is basically required

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to do the kinds of things that we do in

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space clearly if you can't talk to your

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spacecraft and they can't talk to you

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there's no point in even sending them

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out there the deep space network makes

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everything that we do possible

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imagine landing night for example for

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curiosity without the deep space network

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there'd be no one in there because

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there'd be nothing to see we'd hear

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nothing from the spacecraft no touchdown

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confirmed no cheering no nothing the

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deep space network is what helps us

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figure out where the spacecraft is we

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wouldn't even get close to mars without

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it the deep space network comprises of

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three complexes around the world placed

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about 120 degrees apart we are

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constantly in touch with the spacecraft

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as the earth rotates

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we're today tracking 33 spacecrafts not

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only the u.s spacecraft also the

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spacecrafts from other countries and

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remember this is not only talking to the

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spacecraft we have been able to do radar

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and radio astronomy and it was the radar

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on this antenna that actually was used

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these antennas are generally receive

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objects but they also use transmit so we

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do radar with them we can start to

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tolerate their bowlers on the surface of

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an asteroid by beaming radar waves and

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then getting them back radar provides

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hundred thousands times better

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understanding of the orbit of one of

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these asteroids it's incredibly

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important if you want to make sure it's

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not coming at us if you look at the

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cassini mission we've got a transmitter

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about an average of 800 900 million

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miles away the transmitter is about the

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power of your refrigerator light bulb

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and that is what is bringing all these

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incredible images and data back i think

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it's a resource to be treasured but it's

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a resource that also needs to be

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nourished

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seeing our success in in almost real

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time and knowing right away and seeing

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those pictures all possible because the

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okay so our first speakers today joining

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us will be two of the people who are

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very well connected with the deep space

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network you're gonna hear a lot of cool

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titles today uh and here are two first

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we have uh joseph lazio he is the chief

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scientist for the interplanetary network

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and wayne sybil he is the deputy project

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manager for the deep space network come

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on over they're going to show you share

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with you a little bit about what they do

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and how this network operates and then

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we'll have time for some questions and

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answers afterwards

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thank you veronica

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good morning and thank you for coming um

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this is a big year for the dsn 50 years

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was celebrated back on december 24th

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last year

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that was the day 50 years prior to that

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that

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the lab director at the time dr

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pickering established the deep space

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network

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and from that time on both from apollo

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days through

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uh curiosity rover

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the dsn has been there to make sure that

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we have that vital link to the

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spacecraft

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once it clears the tower at launch

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the only way to communicate with these

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spacecrafts is through the dsn and the

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dsn

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is

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the only lifeline from the time you get

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to the moon and beyond that allows the

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commands to get to the spacecraft

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allow sequences to be uploaded

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allows data to be returned and science

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all the science that comes back

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wouldn't be possible without the dsn

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so let me sort of describe how things

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work this is the dark room you guys

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were in that dark room a little bit

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earlier what you see is the complement

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of people we have normally

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24 hours a day seven days a week about

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five people per shift four to five

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and they're the ones that establish the

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communication link between the

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spacecraft mission controllers wherever

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they're located around the world and the

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link operators are actually driving the

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antenna

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those folks will make sure that the

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predicts get out to the intended so they

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can point properly they'll make sure

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that the data flows to and from the

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antennas to the missions

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they make sure that the data that comes

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in gets processed and distributed

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throughout the world to the to the

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investigators

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it's a it's a uh

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not a glamorous job but it's a critical

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job if they don't do that job

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you don't get commands of the spacecraft

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tell it to point

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to capture a comet to capture uh to

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execute a landing so it's a it's a vital

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critical job that's handled by just a

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few people and they're in the background

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you don't really see them

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there's probably five people back there

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right now

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and then around the world the way the

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dsm was set up i think i have a graphic

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an animation that

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the rotation we have a complex in just

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outside of camber australia just outside

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of madrid spain and out in the goldstone

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goldstone is where you'll be tomorrow

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and you get a chance to see all the

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antennas we have out there but these are

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spaced about 120 degrees apart so at any

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time any missions that that's at the

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moon and beyond we can stay in constant

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contact sending commands receiving

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information so if a spacecraft gets into

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trouble

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we're that first line of defense we

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notify the missions we we allow them to

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start commanding right away

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and that's their link that's the only

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way that they can survive

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and around the world we have

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a number of antennas the most direct

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gold stone which is where you'll be

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tomorrow

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we have

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the next number in madrid

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which is four antennas and then we

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currently have three operating antennas

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in australia but we're also building two

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new antennas in australia

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one goes operational this october one

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two years later

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this will help balance the load between

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the northern hemisphere southern

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hemisphere so that we can always

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make contact with the missions

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it's it's it's a great great environment

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to work in it's challenging because each

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one of these complexes around the world

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has their own power generation

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they also get commercial power but if

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for some reason we don't have commercial

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power we can't say

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we can't support you project x

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so so we have uh generating power to

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power the entire complex at each of the

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three locations

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uh we have a faultless power system at

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goldstone in madrid so the power fails

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automatically the generators kick in and

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the entire complex is picked up on

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batteries until the generators spin up

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it's manned by probably about 150 people

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at goldstone 100 at madrid and 100 at

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canberra and they're dedicated to seeing

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and making sure the missions are

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successful

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it's mostly behind the scenes you don't

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see the projects

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when you when you saw curiosity landing

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in this room full of people you didn't

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see the dsn but they were behind the

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scene making sure it was successful

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let me give you uh

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dr lazio

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to explain a little bit about the

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science return and the science that dsn

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does thanks wayne

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um

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wayne has already made this comment i

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think veronica's has said it as well but

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and you saw it somewhat in that video

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essentially any image that we get back

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from planets

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mars venus mercury jupiter saturn think

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juno the spacecraft that's currently on

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route to to jupiter new horizons the

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spacecraft that's unroot to pluto that

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all flows through those antennas and in

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fact this graphic is showing the

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communications with antennas

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with uh well between the antennas and

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the spacecraft now the other thing i

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want to sort of draw your attention to

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you know plant the seed there are some

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other uses of these antennas for science

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let me give you one example consider

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something like mro the mars

280
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reconnaissance orbiter that's actually

281
00:10:18,870 --> 00:10:17,600
orbiting a planet well it's kind of

282
00:10:20,150 --> 00:10:18,880
obvious right when spacecraft goes

283
00:10:22,310 --> 00:10:20,160
behind the planet you can't get the

284
00:10:23,829 --> 00:10:22,320
signal that's a duh

285
00:10:25,350 --> 00:10:23,839
but now suppose the planet has an

286
00:10:28,150 --> 00:10:25,360
atmosphere

287
00:10:30,150 --> 00:10:28,160
as the spacecraft goes behind the signal

288
00:10:31,829 --> 00:10:30,160
has to pass through the atmosphere and

289
00:10:33,190 --> 00:10:31,839
you might worry oh is this going to

290
00:10:34,550 --> 00:10:33,200
cause a problem for the reception of the

291
00:10:36,069 --> 00:10:34,560
signal is it going to somehow corrupt

292
00:10:38,389 --> 00:10:36,079
the signal

293
00:10:40,310 --> 00:10:38,399
or you can turn that around and say hey

294
00:10:42,389 --> 00:10:40,320
if i can track that signal very

295
00:10:43,670 --> 00:10:42,399
accurately i can probe the planet's

296
00:10:45,030 --> 00:10:43,680
atmosphere without actually putting

297
00:10:47,350 --> 00:10:45,040
anything in it

298
00:10:49,750 --> 00:10:47,360
and in fact these antennas are so

299
00:10:51,110 --> 00:10:49,760
sensitive and the tracking is done so

300
00:10:52,550 --> 00:10:51,120
precisely not only can you start

301
00:10:54,310 --> 00:10:52,560
thinking about the atmosphere but

302
00:10:55,829 --> 00:10:54,320
remember the spacecraft moves with

303
00:10:58,710 --> 00:10:55,839
response to the gravity within the

304
00:11:00,389 --> 00:10:58,720
planet right so depending upon how mass

305
00:11:02,470 --> 00:11:00,399
or matter is distributed within the

306
00:11:04,310 --> 00:11:02,480
planet we can actually start to figure

307
00:11:06,630 --> 00:11:04,320
out what the interior of the planet or

308
00:11:08,470 --> 00:11:06,640
the satellite looks like so if you've

309
00:11:11,350 --> 00:11:08,480
ever heard for instance of subsurface

310
00:11:12,870 --> 00:11:11,360
oceans on europa or ganymede some of the

311
00:11:14,870 --> 00:11:12,880
evidence comes from that kind of

312
00:11:16,949 --> 00:11:14,880
spacecraft tracking of as it moves

313
00:11:19,509 --> 00:11:16,959
around the the moon

314
00:11:23,110 --> 00:11:19,519
there's another uh use this particular

315
00:11:24,310 --> 00:11:23,120
antenna the gold dss 14 the the 70 meter

316
00:11:27,110 --> 00:11:24,320
out at goldstone which you'll see

317
00:11:29,030 --> 00:11:27,120
tomorrow sometimes uh actually beams

318
00:11:30,310 --> 00:11:29,040
intense radio waves out we use it for

319
00:11:31,990 --> 00:11:30,320
radar

320
00:11:33,910 --> 00:11:32,000
and you saw in the video they when we

321
00:11:35,190 --> 00:11:33,920
get the reflection you can actually

322
00:11:37,110 --> 00:11:35,200
start making

323
00:11:38,630 --> 00:11:37,120
images equivalent to as if you'd send a

324
00:11:40,230 --> 00:11:38,640
spacecraft there i'm not going to tell

325
00:11:41,750 --> 00:11:40,240
you anything more about that because

326
00:11:43,829 --> 00:11:41,760
marina brockovitz is going to come in

327
00:11:45,269 --> 00:11:43,839
show you some amazing images and again

328
00:11:46,949 --> 00:11:45,279
the other reason that you really care

329
00:11:48,389 --> 00:11:46,959
about that of course is that you get the

330
00:11:49,670 --> 00:11:48,399
orbit very precisely and you want to

331
00:11:51,590 --> 00:11:49,680
know that if there's if there's any

332
00:11:53,590 --> 00:11:51,600
potential issue

333
00:11:54,949 --> 00:11:53,600
uh issue in the sense of is it coming at

334
00:11:57,190 --> 00:11:54,959
us um

335
00:11:59,590 --> 00:11:57,200
the other the other sort of

336
00:12:03,030 --> 00:11:59,600
let me bring this now from the science

337
00:12:04,550 --> 00:12:03,040
to sort of our our uses here at home

338
00:12:07,110 --> 00:12:04,560
perhaps you've had an experience with a

339
00:12:09,030 --> 00:12:07,120
radar gun say you've been at a dodgers

340
00:12:10,629 --> 00:12:09,040
or a washington national chicago cubs

341
00:12:13,030 --> 00:12:10,639
baseball game you've seen the little you

342
00:12:15,590 --> 00:12:13,040
know how fast did the pitcher pitch that

343
00:12:18,870 --> 00:12:15,600
well the kinds of radar that are used in

344
00:12:20,870 --> 00:12:18,880
everyday usage such as sports even

345
00:12:22,710 --> 00:12:20,880
many of those technologies came for

346
00:12:25,110 --> 00:12:22,720
things came from technologies that were

347
00:12:27,430 --> 00:12:25,120
initially either invented at or

348
00:12:29,030 --> 00:12:27,440
developed by the dsn

349
00:12:31,030 --> 00:12:29,040
you see me flashing around this thing

350
00:12:32,310 --> 00:12:31,040
and i see various people with them this

351
00:12:35,269 --> 00:12:32,320
thing is packed with a couple of

352
00:12:37,829 --> 00:12:35,279
different technologies that again either

353
00:12:39,430 --> 00:12:37,839
were invented by or if not invented were

354
00:12:42,470 --> 00:12:39,440
developed here in a way that you could

355
00:12:43,990 --> 00:12:42,480
move it from this precise scientific use

356
00:12:45,269 --> 00:12:44,000
into something that's for commercial

357
00:12:47,110 --> 00:12:45,279
value

358
00:12:48,870 --> 00:12:47,120
and then my final picture

359
00:12:51,190 --> 00:12:48,880
let me step back now from sort of the

360
00:12:54,069 --> 00:12:51,200
science to and the neat technology you

361
00:12:56,069 --> 00:12:54,079
know radar guns and how fast uh pitchers

362
00:12:58,150 --> 00:12:56,079
pitch baseballs think about some of the

363
00:13:00,389 --> 00:12:58,160
greatest moments in human history and

364
00:13:01,430 --> 00:13:00,399
there should be a still showing up here

365
00:13:04,069 --> 00:13:01,440
you know

366
00:13:05,750 --> 00:13:04,079
humans actually setting foot on another

367
00:13:07,350 --> 00:13:05,760
celestial plant us another celestial

368
00:13:10,230 --> 00:13:07,360
world

369
00:13:13,110 --> 00:13:10,240
or the voyager spacecraft we're sort of

370
00:13:15,670 --> 00:13:13,120
on the verge of becoming an interstellar

371
00:13:17,670 --> 00:13:15,680
space-faring civilization

372
00:13:19,829 --> 00:13:17,680
delivered by the dsn

373
00:13:21,110 --> 00:13:19,839
i think we can take some questions now

374
00:13:23,590 --> 00:13:21,120
right okay so we've got a few minutes

375
00:13:25,350 --> 00:13:23,600
for questions and uh if you have one go

376
00:13:26,389 --> 00:13:25,360
ahead and raise your hand uh if you want

377
00:13:27,990 --> 00:13:26,399
to know a little bit more about what

378
00:13:29,910 --> 00:13:28,000
people do day to day here and just wait

379
00:13:31,030 --> 00:13:29,920
for a microphone to come to you alice we

380
00:13:32,230 --> 00:13:31,040
have

381
00:13:34,230 --> 00:13:32,240
you might it might be easier from the

382
00:13:35,670 --> 00:13:34,240
front okay

383
00:13:37,110 --> 00:13:35,680
i got it

384
00:13:38,710 --> 00:13:37,120
all right go ahead thank you

385
00:13:40,949 --> 00:13:38,720
when you're looking at that graphic that

386
00:13:42,230 --> 00:13:40,959
you have up there the animation so when

387
00:13:44,310 --> 00:13:42,240
it's grayed out

388
00:13:46,710 --> 00:13:44,320
what does that mean when you see those

389
00:13:48,710 --> 00:13:46,720
things coming in those waves is that

390
00:13:50,150 --> 00:13:48,720
specifically from one or multiple ones

391
00:13:52,949 --> 00:13:50,160
that means they're active at that time

392
00:13:54,870 --> 00:13:52,959
that means for example on on dss 54

393
00:13:56,389 --> 00:13:54,880
which is in spain a beam waveguide

394
00:14:00,069 --> 00:13:56,399
antenna is currently tracking the soho

395
00:14:01,350 --> 00:14:00,079
spacecraft um it's the the the signal is

396
00:14:04,470 --> 00:14:01,360
you're doing both uplinking and

397
00:14:05,670 --> 00:14:04,480
downlinking at the same time

398
00:14:08,710 --> 00:14:05,680
this

399
00:14:12,629 --> 00:14:10,949
dss-34 down in australia that means

400
00:14:14,470 --> 00:14:12,639
we're tracking two and two spacecraft at

401
00:14:15,509 --> 00:14:14,480
the same time at mars they're sharing

402
00:14:17,509 --> 00:14:15,519
the link

403
00:14:18,870 --> 00:14:17,519
only one can be uplinking at one time

404
00:14:19,910 --> 00:14:18,880
but both are downlinking at the same

405
00:14:21,990 --> 00:14:19,920
time

406
00:14:23,110 --> 00:14:22,000
and this actually this display is

407
00:14:23,910 --> 00:14:23,120
available

408
00:14:25,590 --> 00:14:23,920
from

409
00:14:28,470 --> 00:14:25,600
the web

410
00:14:30,870 --> 00:14:28,480
anybody can have access to it

411
00:14:32,629 --> 00:14:30,880
can i just can i just expand one when

412
00:14:33,750 --> 00:14:32,639
wayne says uplink and downlink is the

413
00:14:35,030 --> 00:14:33,760
command

414
00:14:36,389 --> 00:14:35,040
downlink is the actual data and of

415
00:14:37,910 --> 00:14:36,399
course if it's not obvious the reason

416
00:14:39,829 --> 00:14:37,920
this one can do those two is because

417
00:14:41,350 --> 00:14:39,839
they're both in orbit about mars so the

418
00:14:43,509 --> 00:14:41,360
antenna essentially sees both at the

419
00:14:45,110 --> 00:14:43,519
same time

420
00:14:46,389 --> 00:14:45,120
and also let you know that uh doug

421
00:14:48,150 --> 00:14:46,399
ellison is going to show us a little bit

422
00:14:52,189 --> 00:14:48,160
more about this tool and explain how it

423
00:14:54,470 --> 00:14:52,199
works and it is uh you can find it at

424
00:14:56,870 --> 00:14:54,480
deepspace.jpl.nasa.gov and click on dsn

425
00:14:57,670 --> 00:14:56,880
now so anyone can watch this at home if

426
00:14:59,670 --> 00:14:57,680
you're interested to see which

427
00:15:01,430 --> 00:14:59,680
spacecraft are in communication with

428
00:15:03,269 --> 00:15:01,440
earth at that moment

429
00:15:05,189 --> 00:15:03,279
any other questions

430
00:15:06,629 --> 00:15:05,199
one more okay we'll get the microphone

431
00:15:09,509 --> 00:15:06,639
to you and then

432
00:15:11,030 --> 00:15:09,519
and then we'll come to you next yeah

433
00:15:12,389 --> 00:15:11,040
when i was in the air force used to work

434
00:15:14,629 --> 00:15:12,399
on power production

435
00:15:17,750 --> 00:15:14,639
what kind of uh generator plant do they

436
00:15:19,269 --> 00:15:17,760
have to operate the radio telescopes

437
00:15:21,189 --> 00:15:19,279
like this

438
00:15:23,110 --> 00:15:21,199
well generally with commercial power and

439
00:15:24,629 --> 00:15:23,120
at goldstone i believe it's about 4.5

440
00:15:27,269 --> 00:15:24,639
megawatts is what we take for the entire

441
00:15:29,269 --> 00:15:27,279
complex it

442
00:15:31,509 --> 00:15:29,279
not gigawatts

443
00:15:32,790 --> 00:15:31,519
megawatts and at the overseas complexes

444
00:15:34,389 --> 00:15:32,800
they have fewer antennas and don't have

445
00:15:36,069 --> 00:15:34,399
radar so they don't have the higher

446
00:15:38,829 --> 00:15:36,079
demand so they're closer to two and a

447
00:15:41,590 --> 00:15:38,839
half to three megawatts of power that's

448
00:15:44,230 --> 00:15:41,600
required and is the power plant located

449
00:15:45,430 --> 00:15:44,240
right on site it is yes so if they were

450
00:15:47,350 --> 00:15:45,440
for some reason that you couldn't get

451
00:15:49,269 --> 00:15:47,360
out to the complex they could hunker

452
00:15:51,430 --> 00:15:49,279
down and be powered on their own there's

453
00:15:53,670 --> 00:15:51,440
water there's there they can pretty much

454
00:15:54,949 --> 00:15:53,680
self-sustain like any city

455
00:15:57,430 --> 00:15:54,959
and i understand this room has been

456
00:15:58,870 --> 00:15:57,440
going 24 7 since what year

457
00:16:01,269 --> 00:15:58,880
oh uh

458
00:16:05,030 --> 00:16:02,949
40 years is that right

459
00:16:07,509 --> 00:16:05,040
about 40 years this room has been

460
00:16:09,749 --> 00:16:07,519
operating 24 7 since uh

461
00:16:11,350 --> 00:16:09,759
yeah about 40 years now so and you even

462
00:16:13,189 --> 00:16:11,360
have a backup for this room so i mean

463
00:16:14,069 --> 00:16:13,199
there's redundancy and redundancy in the

464
00:16:15,350 --> 00:16:14,079
system

465
00:16:17,509 --> 00:16:15,360
to make sure

466
00:16:19,749 --> 00:16:17,519
this this area out here the dark room we

467
00:16:22,310 --> 00:16:19,759
actually have a backup facility located

468
00:16:24,150 --> 00:16:22,320
not too far from here by 18 miles away

469
00:16:25,509 --> 00:16:24,160
and should there be some event that

470
00:16:27,670 --> 00:16:25,519
requires you to move out of the san

471
00:16:29,269 --> 00:16:27,680
gabriel valley area we have a facility

472
00:16:32,710 --> 00:16:29,279
out at the goldstone complex where we

473
00:16:35,269 --> 00:16:34,230
and i think the closest that ever

474
00:16:37,910 --> 00:16:35,279
happened was when we had a massive

475
00:16:40,310 --> 00:16:37,920
wildfire burning uh behind jpl a few

476
00:16:42,470 --> 00:16:40,320
years ago but uh but we stayed right we

477
00:16:45,670 --> 00:16:42,480
stayed yeah um only those employees that

478
00:16:47,990 --> 00:16:45,680
had to stay here but um that was a very

479
00:16:50,069 --> 00:16:48,000
close fire okay well we'll have hugo and

480
00:16:52,310 --> 00:16:50,079
then we have one over here so go ahead

481
00:16:54,870 --> 00:16:52,320
what is the transmitted wattage for the

482
00:16:56,710 --> 00:16:54,880
commands going up uh it varies up to 20

483
00:16:58,949 --> 00:16:56,720
kilowatts

484
00:17:01,030 --> 00:16:58,959
uh we have an 80 kilowatt transmitter

485
00:17:03,590 --> 00:17:01,040
that's in development right now so that

486
00:17:06,150 --> 00:17:03,600
if we didn't have i'm sorry if we didn't

487
00:17:08,150 --> 00:17:06,160
have the 70 meter and it's 20 kilowatt

488
00:17:10,069 --> 00:17:08,160
transmitter then we could go to a 34

489
00:17:12,230 --> 00:17:10,079
meter with an 80 kilowatt transmitter

490
00:17:13,510 --> 00:17:12,240
and get the same power to the spacecraft

491
00:17:15,510 --> 00:17:13,520
but that's under development we're going

492
00:17:17,510 --> 00:17:15,520
to be deploying that uh next year at

493
00:17:19,270 --> 00:17:17,520
goldstone the first production unit and

494
00:17:20,470 --> 00:17:19,280
then eventually

495
00:17:21,750 --> 00:17:20,480
over time we'll get it deployed

496
00:17:25,669 --> 00:17:21,760
throughout the network

497
00:17:28,789 --> 00:17:27,350
i had a question about something you

498
00:17:30,070 --> 00:17:28,799
said i thought i heard you say that

499
00:17:32,630 --> 00:17:30,080
we're on the verge of becoming

500
00:17:35,110 --> 00:17:32,640
intergalactic uh interstellar

501
00:17:37,510 --> 00:17:35,120
interstellar that's where i'm at

502
00:17:39,750 --> 00:17:37,520
um so is there some debate on that like

503
00:17:42,390 --> 00:17:39,760
when is voyager 1 officially like

504
00:17:45,510 --> 00:17:42,400
becoming an interstellar

505
00:17:47,029 --> 00:17:45,520
no the only thing i meant by that is

506
00:17:48,310 --> 00:17:47,039
i think there is a consensus now that

507
00:17:49,990 --> 00:17:48,320
voyager 1

508
00:17:52,390 --> 00:17:50,000
is essentially beyond the solar system

509
00:17:55,909 --> 00:17:52,400
it's beyond the strictly

510
00:17:57,029 --> 00:17:55,919
heliopause i believe is the boundary uh

511
00:17:59,510 --> 00:17:57,039
where the

512
00:18:01,029 --> 00:17:59,520
the influence of the sun is no longer

513
00:18:02,310 --> 00:18:01,039
the dominant it's in the interstellar

514
00:18:03,830 --> 00:18:02,320
space but it's essentially only one

515
00:18:05,669 --> 00:18:03,840
spacecraft right

516
00:18:08,310 --> 00:18:05,679
so that's what i sort of mean by on the

517
00:18:09,909 --> 00:18:08,320
verge of voyager 2 will eventually make

518
00:18:12,390 --> 00:18:09,919
it it's not clear if we'll still be in

519
00:18:13,669 --> 00:18:12,400
contact with voyager 2 when it exits

520
00:18:15,990 --> 00:18:13,679
people have been thinking for a long

521
00:18:17,830 --> 00:18:16,000
time about how could we get

522
00:18:18,789 --> 00:18:17,840
spacecraft not just sort of right at the

523
00:18:21,510 --> 00:18:18,799
edge

524
00:18:23,190 --> 00:18:21,520
but actually well out into interstellar

525
00:18:24,710 --> 00:18:23,200
space and and so it's sort of we're on

526
00:18:26,070 --> 00:18:24,720
the verge

527
00:18:27,350 --> 00:18:26,080
you know think back 50 years or

528
00:18:29,190 --> 00:18:27,360
something when we were just starting to

529
00:18:30,789 --> 00:18:29,200
launch spacecraft

530
00:18:32,470 --> 00:18:30,799
we're sort of now just starting to get

531
00:18:34,870 --> 00:18:32,480
beyond the boundary of the solar system

532
00:18:36,710 --> 00:18:34,880
in comparison to the the dozens of of

533
00:18:37,990 --> 00:18:36,720
spacecraft that that we sent throughout

534
00:18:39,590 --> 00:18:38,000
the solar system

535
00:18:43,590 --> 00:18:39,600
cool okay i think i saw one more

536
00:18:46,870 --> 00:18:44,870
yes uh

537
00:18:49,270 --> 00:18:46,880
sorry for asking this question because i

538
00:18:50,789 --> 00:18:49,280
think i'm bringing everybody down on the

539
00:18:53,270 --> 00:18:50,799
earth again

540
00:18:55,110 --> 00:18:53,280
my question is i think everybody's

541
00:18:58,390 --> 00:18:55,120
question these days

542
00:19:01,750 --> 00:18:58,400
is that why we cannot for example nasa

543
00:19:04,070 --> 00:19:01,760
cannot communicate with this lost plane

544
00:19:06,710 --> 00:19:04,080
which is somewhere on earth and but we

545
00:19:08,549 --> 00:19:06,720
can still we can still communicate with

546
00:19:09,430 --> 00:19:08,559
voyager which is

547
00:19:15,270 --> 00:19:09,440
a

548
00:19:18,150 --> 00:19:15,280
between these two technologies our

549
00:19:20,150 --> 00:19:18,160
antennas are pointing up

550
00:19:20,950 --> 00:19:20,160
and we don't have the ability to point

551
00:19:22,310 --> 00:19:20,960
down

552
00:19:25,029 --> 00:19:22,320
uh so there's nothing that we can do

553
00:19:26,789 --> 00:19:25,039
with our tracking network um other

554
00:19:28,230 --> 00:19:26,799
agencies have other assets and i'm sure

555
00:19:29,830 --> 00:19:28,240
they're playing their part in trying to

556
00:19:31,590 --> 00:19:29,840
do that but but we don't have that

557
00:19:33,590 --> 00:19:31,600
ability

558
00:19:35,510 --> 00:19:33,600
all right okay um actually we need to

559
00:19:36,710 --> 00:19:35,520
wrap up um but you know you're gonna

560
00:19:38,310 --> 00:19:36,720
have plenty of time over the next day

561
00:19:39,750 --> 00:19:38,320
and a half to ask some more questions

562
00:19:41,669 --> 00:19:39,760
but we do want to keep the program

563
00:19:44,150 --> 00:19:41,679
moving right now so i want to thank both

564
00:19:45,669 --> 00:19:44,160
wayne and jose flazio for

565
00:19:47,510 --> 00:19:45,679
spending some time with us this morning

566
00:19:55,750 --> 00:19:47,520
and taking some questions from the group

567
00:19:59,669 --> 00:19:58,310
okay um coming up now i'm going to

568
00:20:02,870 --> 00:19:59,679
introduce the

569
00:20:08,470 --> 00:20:02,880
few members of the curiosity landing

570
00:20:12,630 --> 00:20:10,390
i see there are people sitting in our

571
00:20:15,270 --> 00:20:12,640
chairs

572
00:20:17,110 --> 00:20:15,280
they've taken your seats for today um

573
00:20:19,990 --> 00:20:17,120
everyone this is steve collins and

574
00:20:21,430 --> 00:20:20,000
devereaux and bobac ferdoci and

575
00:20:23,430 --> 00:20:21,440
why don't you go ahead and take a spot

576
00:20:25,270 --> 00:20:23,440
at the front of the room this time

577
00:20:27,110 --> 00:20:25,280
instead of behind the console i know

578
00:20:28,470 --> 00:20:27,120
that's a little different for you

579
00:20:29,990 --> 00:20:28,480
and

580
00:20:31,750 --> 00:20:30,000
they're going to explain to you a little

581
00:20:32,950 --> 00:20:31,760
bit about what makes the dsn so

582
00:20:36,230 --> 00:20:32,960
important for them when they're in a

583
00:20:38,070 --> 00:20:36,240
room like this and so to start with that

584
00:20:39,909 --> 00:20:38,080
though we are going to take you back to

585
00:20:48,950 --> 00:20:39,919
landing night please watch the video

586
00:20:54,870 --> 00:20:50,789
things are looking good

587
00:20:59,430 --> 00:20:57,590
enable reports entry interface

588
00:21:00,870 --> 00:20:59,440
at this time it will begin pressurizing

589
00:21:03,029 --> 00:21:00,880
the propulsion system to increase the

590
00:21:03,990 --> 00:21:03,039
thrust of the system uh we'll use that

591
00:21:11,590 --> 00:21:04,000
for all the maneuvering in the

592
00:21:18,950 --> 00:21:13,430
we're standing by for guidance start

593
00:21:23,830 --> 00:21:21,190
beginning to feel the atmosphere

594
00:21:25,590 --> 00:21:23,840
as we go in here

595
00:21:27,669 --> 00:21:25,600
vehicles just reported via tones that it

596
00:21:29,270 --> 00:21:27,679
has started guided entry

597
00:21:32,070 --> 00:21:29,280
at this time the vehicle is beginning to

598
00:21:35,110 --> 00:21:32,080
steer its way to the target

599
00:21:36,310 --> 00:21:35,120
we have seen peak deceleration

600
00:21:37,909 --> 00:21:36,320
that is starting its first bank

601
00:21:39,430 --> 00:21:37,919
rehearsal

602
00:21:52,230 --> 00:21:39,440
uh it is reporting that we are seeing

603
00:21:59,110 --> 00:21:53,990
we should have parachute deploy around

604
00:21:59,120 --> 00:22:02,230
the parachute is deployed

605
00:22:02,240 --> 00:22:05,830
we are decelerating

606
00:22:09,350 --> 00:22:07,750
has separated on the ground

607
00:22:14,310 --> 00:22:09,360
we're down to 90 meters per second at an

608
00:22:14,320 --> 00:22:20,630
standing by for bachelor separation

609
00:22:20,640 --> 00:22:27,750
we are in power flight

610
00:22:31,669 --> 00:22:29,029
we're an altitude of one kilometer

611
00:22:50,230 --> 00:22:33,669
standing by for skype

612
00:22:50,240 --> 00:23:08,310
touchdown confirmed we're safe

613
00:23:08,320 --> 00:23:26,950
wow

614
00:23:26,960 --> 00:23:46,630
oh

615
00:23:46,640 --> 00:24:13,190
got thumbnails

616
00:24:17,430 --> 00:24:15,669
today right now the wheels of curiosity

617
00:24:20,149 --> 00:24:17,440
have begun to blaze the trail for human

618
00:24:22,950 --> 00:24:20,159
footprints on mars this is an amazing

619
00:24:25,909 --> 00:24:22,960
achievement well today on mars history

620
00:24:27,430 --> 00:24:25,919
was made on earth the successful landing

621
00:24:29,909 --> 00:24:27,440
of curiosity

622
00:24:32,230 --> 00:24:29,919
marks what is really an unprecedented

623
00:24:35,350 --> 00:24:32,240
technological tour de force it will

624
00:24:37,029 --> 00:24:35,360
stand as an american point of pride far

625
00:24:39,269 --> 00:24:37,039
into the future

626
00:24:40,390 --> 00:24:39,279
well tonight was was a great drama that

627
00:24:42,149 --> 00:24:40,400
was played

628
00:24:44,470 --> 00:24:42,159
i could only think of the words of teddy

629
00:24:46,549 --> 00:24:44,480
roosevelt as i was sitting there

630
00:24:48,870 --> 00:24:46,559
it is far better to their mighty things

631
00:24:50,870 --> 00:24:48,880
even though we might fail

632
00:25:06,789 --> 00:24:50,880
than to stay in the twilight that knows

633
00:25:06,799 --> 00:25:10,230
who needs a kleenex

634
00:25:15,029 --> 00:25:12,230
i do have them also in the back

635
00:25:16,630 --> 00:25:15,039
i always joke uh we play these for this

636
00:25:17,909 --> 00:25:16,640
uh video for tour groups on many

637
00:25:20,149 --> 00:25:17,919
different occasions and you can always

638
00:25:22,070 --> 00:25:20,159
tell a room full of jbl's because we all

639
00:25:25,830 --> 00:25:22,080
um still live the emotion of that night

640
00:25:27,029 --> 00:25:25,840
don't we um so ann bobbik and steve uh

641
00:25:29,029 --> 00:25:27,039
why don't you

642
00:25:30,470 --> 00:25:29,039
go ahead and talk about what you were

643
00:25:33,430 --> 00:25:30,480
doing that night in this room how the

644
00:25:36,149 --> 00:25:33,440
dsn plays a role in in something like a

645
00:25:38,789 --> 00:25:36,159
landing night a major event like this

646
00:25:40,950 --> 00:25:38,799
uh sure so i was sitting right over here

647
00:25:43,190 --> 00:25:40,960
in the activity lead chairs as you are

648
00:25:44,710 --> 00:25:43,200
um and we were just you know monitoring

649
00:25:46,470 --> 00:25:44,720
telemetry what's amazing about that

650
00:25:48,549 --> 00:25:46,480
night of course is as probably many of

651
00:25:50,549 --> 00:25:48,559
you guys know there was this 14-minute

652
00:25:51,830 --> 00:25:50,559
delay between uh the events actually

653
00:25:53,669 --> 00:25:51,840
happening and the signal we received

654
00:25:55,590 --> 00:25:53,679
here on earth so

655
00:25:57,029 --> 00:25:55,600
what we were kind of seeing was all kind

656
00:25:59,350 --> 00:25:57,039
of post-fact right it was basically like

657
00:26:01,430 --> 00:25:59,360
taking your sats or your gres and just

658
00:26:02,950 --> 00:26:01,440
waiting for the results to happen

659
00:26:04,070 --> 00:26:02,960
so there's kind of this weird feeling in

660
00:26:05,669 --> 00:26:04,080
the room that there's a little bit at

661
00:26:07,590 --> 00:26:05,679
least for me a little bit of like well

662
00:26:09,110 --> 00:26:07,600
it's all done already

663
00:26:11,110 --> 00:26:09,120
but we're just waiting for the results

664
00:26:12,230 --> 00:26:11,120
and you know we had the tones which was

665
00:26:13,750 --> 00:26:12,240
basically the spacecraft talking

666
00:26:15,110 --> 00:26:13,760
directly back to earth

667
00:26:16,230 --> 00:26:15,120
but those cut out just about a minute

668
00:26:18,470 --> 00:26:16,240
before landing because that's when earth

669
00:26:20,390 --> 00:26:18,480
was setting on mars where we were and

670
00:26:22,789 --> 00:26:20,400
then in addition to that we had these

671
00:26:24,310 --> 00:26:22,799
amazing things uh these two orbiters

672
00:26:26,390 --> 00:26:24,320
already at mars odyssey and mars

673
00:26:28,070 --> 00:26:26,400
accounts order that the the rover was

674
00:26:29,430 --> 00:26:28,080
talking to directly as it landed and

675
00:26:30,950 --> 00:26:29,440
we're getting this data back and of

676
00:26:32,390 --> 00:26:30,960
course um you know one of the first

677
00:26:35,430 --> 00:26:32,400
things that we got back from the surface

678
00:26:37,190 --> 00:26:35,440
of mars was this gorgeous picture of us

679
00:26:38,950 --> 00:26:37,200
just settled on the ground our shadow

680
00:26:40,870 --> 00:26:38,960
long shadow being cast and mount sharp

681
00:26:42,470 --> 00:26:40,880
in the distance that's the photo i chose

682
00:26:44,230 --> 00:26:42,480
over there i feel like it's my favorite

683
00:26:45,350 --> 00:26:44,240
photo um

684
00:26:47,190 --> 00:26:45,360
but one of the things i want to tell you

685
00:26:48,310 --> 00:26:47,200
is kind of the long story that how

686
00:26:49,909 --> 00:26:48,320
i got there and one of the things i

687
00:26:51,110 --> 00:26:49,919
started on this project doing was

688
00:26:52,549 --> 00:26:51,120
mission planning

689
00:26:53,750 --> 00:26:52,559
and the first thing

690
00:26:55,909 --> 00:26:53,760
kind of you do as a mission planner is

691
00:26:58,310 --> 00:26:55,919
you start working on what resources you

692
00:27:01,110 --> 00:26:58,320
have and we start talking about okay you

693
00:27:02,390 --> 00:27:01,120
know on the trip to mars we need dsn

694
00:27:04,470 --> 00:27:02,400
passes because we need to communicate

695
00:27:05,669 --> 00:27:04,480
with the rover or to the spacecraft at

696
00:27:07,029 --> 00:27:05,679
the time of course

697
00:27:08,710 --> 00:27:07,039
every day

698
00:27:09,750 --> 00:27:08,720
or maybe three days a week or whatever

699
00:27:11,350 --> 00:27:09,760
and then we need to make sure that we

700
00:27:13,430 --> 00:27:11,360
have good navigation so we understand

701
00:27:15,029 --> 00:27:13,440
exactly where we're headed and how close

702
00:27:16,230 --> 00:27:15,039
we are to our targets

703
00:27:18,950 --> 00:27:16,240
and steve will probably tell you some

704
00:27:20,549 --> 00:27:18,960
exciting stories about that um

705
00:27:21,990 --> 00:27:20,559
and i remember doing this for the first

706
00:27:23,110 --> 00:27:22,000
time and not knowing what was really

707
00:27:24,389 --> 00:27:23,120
happening because it's basically the

708
00:27:26,389 --> 00:27:24,399
first job i had

709
00:27:27,909 --> 00:27:26,399
and you know writing these these

710
00:27:29,590 --> 00:27:27,919
requirements for the deep space network

711
00:27:31,350 --> 00:27:29,600
and asking you know okay like how much

712
00:27:32,630 --> 00:27:31,360
time do i need per week and who's going

713
00:27:33,830 --> 00:27:32,640
to communicate once we're on the surface

714
00:27:35,029 --> 00:27:33,840
is going to be one of the orbiters it's

715
00:27:36,789 --> 00:27:35,039
going to be us

716
00:27:38,870 --> 00:27:36,799
and i wrote this thing out and i deliver

717
00:27:41,350 --> 00:27:38,880
this you know this great you know first

718
00:27:42,870 --> 00:27:41,360
really proud document that says here's

719
00:27:45,110 --> 00:27:42,880
all our requests

720
00:27:47,990 --> 00:27:45,120
and i get it back and someone says why

721
00:27:50,389 --> 00:27:48,000
does it say mars orbit insertion at the

722
00:27:52,389 --> 00:27:50,399
end two years after landing

723
00:27:53,750 --> 00:27:52,399
and i look and i realize that i've gone

724
00:27:55,750 --> 00:27:53,760
through this and submitted this thing

725
00:27:58,950 --> 00:27:55,760
for mars sample return

726
00:28:00,549 --> 00:27:58,960
instead of our our rover

727
00:28:01,750 --> 00:28:00,559
so that was a learning experience for me

728
00:28:04,630 --> 00:28:01,760
but i think one of the things that kind

729
00:28:06,950 --> 00:28:04,640
of amazes me about this and uh was that

730
00:28:08,950 --> 00:28:06,960
really it took you know me roughly nine

731
00:28:10,950 --> 00:28:08,960
years to get from that point to

732
00:28:11,909 --> 00:28:10,960
seeing that picture for the first time

733
00:28:13,590 --> 00:28:11,919
and there's a little bit of a sense of

734
00:28:14,789 --> 00:28:13,600
relief because

735
00:28:17,590 --> 00:28:14,799
seeing that picture meant that i'd done

736
00:28:18,630 --> 00:28:17,600
my job um

737
00:28:19,590 --> 00:28:18,640
i think all of us kind of have that

738
00:28:21,669 --> 00:28:19,600
sense you know like i don't want to be

739
00:28:23,830 --> 00:28:21,679
the guy to screw it up for everybody

740
00:28:25,190 --> 00:28:23,840
um but you know realizing everything

741
00:28:26,630 --> 00:28:25,200
that it takes to get there and one of

742
00:28:27,430 --> 00:28:26,640
the things of course that takes is not

743
00:28:30,310 --> 00:28:27,440
only

744
00:28:32,470 --> 00:28:30,320
um you know a team of people who can

745
00:28:34,630 --> 00:28:32,480
design and implement something like this

746
00:28:36,950 --> 00:28:34,640
but also you know the rover itself with

747
00:28:38,230 --> 00:28:36,960
this communication talking to an orbiter

748
00:28:40,310 --> 00:28:38,240
that is passing overhead that is

749
00:28:41,510 --> 00:28:40,320
relaying data back here to earth all at

750
00:28:43,190 --> 00:28:41,520
the same time

751
00:28:44,549 --> 00:28:43,200
um that's an incredible achievement and

752
00:28:49,029 --> 00:28:44,559
i'm kind of really proud to be a part of

753
00:28:54,789 --> 00:28:51,669
hi there my name is steve collins and

754
00:28:57,110 --> 00:28:54,799
i'm an attitude control engineer

755
00:29:01,590 --> 00:28:57,120
we have a giant machine in the basement

756
00:29:04,950 --> 00:29:03,669
no actually attitude

757
00:29:07,110 --> 00:29:04,960
control

758
00:29:08,389 --> 00:29:07,120
is the part of the spacecraft that keeps

759
00:29:09,510 --> 00:29:08,399
the spacecraft pointed in the right

760
00:29:10,310 --> 00:29:09,520
direction

761
00:29:13,510 --> 00:29:10,320
so

762
00:29:15,430 --> 00:29:13,520
as we're flying curiosity to mars uh we

763
00:29:17,909 --> 00:29:15,440
have to keep the solar arrays pointed

764
00:29:19,510 --> 00:29:17,919
close to the sun so we get power and we

765
00:29:21,669 --> 00:29:19,520
need to keep the antennas that are on

766
00:29:22,630 --> 00:29:21,679
the spacecraft pointed close to earth so

767
00:29:24,830 --> 00:29:22,640
that we

768
00:29:27,590 --> 00:29:24,840
have communications with the

769
00:29:29,830 --> 00:29:27,600
spacecraft and so i'm responsible for

770
00:29:31,590 --> 00:29:29,840
that the all the thrusters and

771
00:29:34,389 --> 00:29:31,600
gyroscopes and star cameras and stuff

772
00:29:36,149 --> 00:29:34,399
like that that do that

773
00:29:37,990 --> 00:29:36,159
also during the mission

774
00:29:39,830 --> 00:29:38,000
the attitude control system is used to

775
00:29:41,830 --> 00:29:39,840
make corrections to the spacecraft's

776
00:29:44,549 --> 00:29:41,840
trajectory

777
00:29:47,190 --> 00:29:44,559
so the spacecraft has to show up at mars

778
00:29:49,350 --> 00:29:47,200
at the top of the atmosphere basically

779
00:29:51,830 --> 00:29:49,360
inside a football field

780
00:29:54,070 --> 00:29:51,840
in order for us to land in the place on

781
00:29:55,110 --> 00:29:54,080
mars that we want to land and to land

782
00:29:57,029 --> 00:29:55,120
safely

783
00:29:59,029 --> 00:29:57,039
and in order to do that we have to

784
00:30:01,190 --> 00:29:59,039
correct the spacecraft's trajectory we

785
00:30:04,070 --> 00:30:01,200
can't just launch it on a rocket from

786
00:30:06,389 --> 00:30:04,080
the earth and hit that tiny little

787
00:30:08,230 --> 00:30:06,399
target all the way at mars

788
00:30:11,269 --> 00:30:08,240
so during the course of the mission

789
00:30:13,350 --> 00:30:11,279
maybe four or five times we make a uh a

790
00:30:15,669 --> 00:30:13,360
correction to the spacecraft's uh

791
00:30:16,710 --> 00:30:15,679
velocity we fire the thrusters for a few

792
00:30:18,630 --> 00:30:16,720
seconds

793
00:30:21,830 --> 00:30:18,640
um there's a there's a little piece of

794
00:30:23,430 --> 00:30:21,840
b-roll here that

795
00:30:24,710 --> 00:30:23,440
shows the spacecraft just as we

796
00:30:26,870 --> 00:30:24,720
separated

797
00:30:30,230 --> 00:30:26,880
from the launch vehicle and i really

798
00:30:31,510 --> 00:30:30,240
like this because you can see um

799
00:30:33,269 --> 00:30:31,520
what's going to happen is the launch

800
00:30:35,750 --> 00:30:33,279
field is going to de-spin and you can

801
00:30:37,830 --> 00:30:35,760
see the motion of the spacecraft as the

802
00:30:39,510 --> 00:30:37,840
launch vehicle despites there

803
00:30:41,750 --> 00:30:39,520
so that's what the spacecraft looks like

804
00:30:44,549 --> 00:30:41,760
in flight and and that's why i i chose

805
00:30:46,310 --> 00:30:44,559
this little picture to show you guys

806
00:30:49,269 --> 00:30:46,320
we very rarely get to see a picture of

807
00:30:51,750 --> 00:30:49,279
the spacecraft actually flying in space

808
00:30:52,950 --> 00:30:51,760
we usually uh you know see it last down

809
00:30:53,990 --> 00:30:52,960
in the clean room and then have to

810
00:30:56,230 --> 00:30:54,000
imagine

811
00:30:59,590 --> 00:30:56,240
it for the rest of the mission

812
00:31:01,190 --> 00:30:59,600
so we spin the spacecraft spins at 2rpm

813
00:31:03,509 --> 00:31:01,200
and if we want to make a correction to

814
00:31:05,830 --> 00:31:03,519
the trajectory we have to fire the

815
00:31:08,549 --> 00:31:05,840
thrusters in a little pulse and we do

816
00:31:11,029 --> 00:31:08,559
that a couple of times each rev as the

817
00:31:13,909 --> 00:31:11,039
spacecraft spins

818
00:31:17,269 --> 00:31:13,919
to tweak the orbit and in order to make

819
00:31:20,310 --> 00:31:17,279
those corrections the deep space network

820
00:31:21,830 --> 00:31:20,320
has to tell us where the spacecraft is

821
00:31:24,070 --> 00:31:21,840
and they do that

822
00:31:26,070 --> 00:31:24,080
by giving us these things that we call

823
00:31:28,710 --> 00:31:26,080
doppels

824
00:31:30,870 --> 00:31:28,720
dopples are the information that's in

825
00:31:33,350 --> 00:31:30,880
the doppler signature of the radio

826
00:31:36,630 --> 00:31:33,360
signal we're getting from the spacecraft

827
00:31:38,310 --> 00:31:36,640
and the dsn can measure uh the frequency

828
00:31:41,430 --> 00:31:38,320
of the radio signal that's coming from

829
00:31:43,029 --> 00:31:41,440
the spacecraft very very accurately we

830
00:31:45,110 --> 00:31:43,039
can measure the velocity of the

831
00:31:47,029 --> 00:31:45,120
spacecraft to like a tenth of a

832
00:31:49,750 --> 00:31:47,039
millimeter per second

833
00:31:50,870 --> 00:31:49,760
and uh we do that pretty much every time

834
00:31:53,750 --> 00:31:50,880
we have communication with the

835
00:31:55,590 --> 00:31:53,760
spacecraft and the navigation team uses

836
00:31:58,230 --> 00:31:55,600
that to figure out where the spacecraft

837
00:32:01,830 --> 00:31:58,240
is in the solar system to within you

838
00:32:03,750 --> 00:32:01,840
know tens of meters and uh and tells us

839
00:32:05,430 --> 00:32:03,760
we want you to change the spacecraft's

840
00:32:08,470 --> 00:32:05,440
velocity by

841
00:32:10,870 --> 00:32:08,480
um let's do eight millimeters per second

842
00:32:13,669 --> 00:32:10,880
today you know our final corrections to

843
00:32:16,789 --> 00:32:13,679
the trajectory are about that size

844
00:32:19,509 --> 00:32:16,799
so that's uh some of the stuff that i uh

845
00:32:22,230 --> 00:32:19,519
work with during flight and do you want

846
00:32:24,310 --> 00:32:22,240
to have your turn and say some things so

847
00:32:25,830 --> 00:32:24,320
i'm ann devereaux um i was actually

848
00:32:28,950 --> 00:32:25,840
sitting where the gentleman with the

849
00:32:29,830 --> 00:32:28,960
gray shirt was on landing night and you

850
00:32:33,990 --> 00:32:29,840
can see

851
00:32:36,470 --> 00:32:34,000
front i was not chief engineer however

852
00:32:37,909 --> 00:32:36,480
if i sidled close to the side because

853
00:32:39,909 --> 00:32:37,919
the chief engineer was roaming the whole

854
00:32:43,509 --> 00:32:39,919
time you might have thought

855
00:32:45,350 --> 00:32:43,519
i was chief engineer for that night um

856
00:32:47,190 --> 00:32:45,360
anyway so i am actually an electrical

857
00:32:50,789 --> 00:32:47,200
engineer my background but like a lot of

858
00:32:52,789 --> 00:32:50,799
people at jpl i have had many hats

859
00:32:54,149 --> 00:32:52,799
my particular disciplines

860
00:32:56,389 --> 00:32:54,159
are telecom

861
00:32:58,950 --> 00:32:56,399
actually i my group were the ones that

862
00:33:02,070 --> 00:32:58,960
built the relay radio elektras that are

863
00:33:04,230 --> 00:33:02,080
on uh msl so when you hear them saying

864
00:33:06,310 --> 00:33:04,240
oh we have uh you know signal from

865
00:33:08,470 --> 00:33:06,320
odyssey that was

866
00:33:10,789 --> 00:33:08,480
our radio the elector radio had talked

867
00:33:13,190 --> 00:33:10,799
to odyssey and odyssey had uh telomered

868
00:33:15,029 --> 00:33:13,200
it to the ground um and so actually it's

869
00:33:16,870 --> 00:33:15,039
not in any of the roles but

870
00:33:19,190 --> 00:33:16,880
randomly i jumped up and i said yeah

871
00:33:20,549 --> 00:33:19,200
elektra because you know until then we

872
00:33:22,470 --> 00:33:20,559
never had to do anything with it i

873
00:33:25,350 --> 00:33:22,480
didn't know it was gonna work i mean i

874
00:33:27,190 --> 00:33:25,360
was hoping um in any case

875
00:33:29,590 --> 00:33:27,200
so uh the other things that i have done

876
00:33:31,350 --> 00:33:29,600
i i was lucky on on msl i was able to

877
00:33:33,509 --> 00:33:31,360
later on move over and be the lead

878
00:33:35,029 --> 00:33:33,519
flight system engineer so that's the

879
00:33:37,430 --> 00:33:35,039
person that's responsible for making

880
00:33:39,110 --> 00:33:37,440
sure as the boxes come in that uh

881
00:33:41,110 --> 00:33:39,120
construct the rover that they are in

882
00:33:42,710 --> 00:33:41,120
fact the box is what we expected and

883
00:33:45,350 --> 00:33:42,720
that when you bolt them all together

884
00:33:47,590 --> 00:33:45,360
they actually do what they you expect

885
00:33:49,990 --> 00:33:47,600
and so that's kind of the trick and part

886
00:33:52,149 --> 00:33:50,000
of that is kind of my last uh field of

887
00:33:53,909 --> 00:33:52,159
expertise which is autonomy uh you know

888
00:33:57,190 --> 00:33:53,919
you heard babic saying you know we have

889
00:33:58,789 --> 00:33:57,200
this giant time delay uh between when uh

890
00:34:00,230 --> 00:33:58,799
you know things actually happen on the

891
00:34:01,590 --> 00:34:00,240
vehicle and when we actually get to see

892
00:34:03,269 --> 00:34:01,600
it on the ground

893
00:34:05,590 --> 00:34:03,279
and it's very much like i actually i

894
00:34:07,669 --> 00:34:05,600
looked up to see what the size of a

895
00:34:09,990 --> 00:34:07,679
tweet was and of course the internet as

896
00:34:11,829 --> 00:34:10,000
usual is confused however it looked like

897
00:34:15,109 --> 00:34:11,839
something like maybe 4k

898
00:34:17,669 --> 00:34:15,119
uh bits was the maximum size for a

899
00:34:20,629 --> 00:34:17,679
message so during entry descent landing

900
00:34:23,589 --> 00:34:20,639
even when we got the the radios online

901
00:34:24,310 --> 00:34:23,599
we were doing eight kilobits per second

902
00:34:26,550 --> 00:34:24,320
so

903
00:34:28,629 --> 00:34:26,560
probably nobody here is tweeting twice a

904
00:34:30,470 --> 00:34:28,639
second that would be kind of fast but if

905
00:34:31,990 --> 00:34:30,480
you think about it that's the kind of

906
00:34:33,829 --> 00:34:32,000
information that we're getting back

907
00:34:36,149 --> 00:34:33,839
basically and it's kind of what

908
00:34:37,589 --> 00:34:36,159
curiosity thinks is important too like i

909
00:34:39,750 --> 00:34:37,599
just did this i just turned on some

910
00:34:41,190 --> 00:34:39,760
heaters i just stopped this i just broke

911
00:34:41,990 --> 00:34:41,200
my arm i just went and you're like what

912
00:34:47,990 --> 00:34:42,000
what

913
00:34:50,710 --> 00:34:48,000
um in the days coming up to edl uh it

914
00:34:53,030 --> 00:34:50,720
was interesting so realistically um we

915
00:34:55,750 --> 00:34:53,040
had sent the command that said literally

916
00:34:58,150 --> 00:34:55,760
i'm not giving any secrets away do edl

917
00:35:00,069 --> 00:34:58,160
something like a week beforehand and re

918
00:35:02,310 --> 00:35:00,079
really the spacecraft and steve can

919
00:35:04,630 --> 00:35:02,320
correct me the state spacecraft because

920
00:35:07,030 --> 00:35:04,640
we had just gotten a good lineup and we

921
00:35:08,710 --> 00:35:07,040
were going on a good uh entry trajectory

922
00:35:11,109 --> 00:35:08,720
the spacecraft could have landed by

923
00:35:13,030 --> 00:35:11,119
itself of course we're the parents right

924
00:35:16,310 --> 00:35:13,040
where the parents you know steadying the

925
00:35:19,190 --> 00:35:16,320
bicycle and we want to help and so from

926
00:35:21,109 --> 00:35:19,200
my kind of autonomy uh hat you know i'd

927
00:35:23,430 --> 00:35:21,119
sit there you know not being chief

928
00:35:24,870 --> 00:35:23,440
engineer i'd sit there and you know i'd

929
00:35:26,069 --> 00:35:24,880
worry well what if something happened we

930
00:35:28,069 --> 00:35:26,079
had these big meetings well what if

931
00:35:30,230 --> 00:35:28,079
something happened you know curiosity

932
00:35:32,150 --> 00:35:30,240
decided she broke her arm now what would

933
00:35:33,510 --> 00:35:32,160
happen is she would tweet i broke my arm

934
00:35:35,750 --> 00:35:33,520
i banded it up it's to the side i'm

935
00:35:36,870 --> 00:35:35,760
ready to go yep headed for mars what we

936
00:35:39,030 --> 00:35:36,880
would be like

937
00:35:40,470 --> 00:35:39,040
what do you broke your arm did you fall

938
00:35:42,230 --> 00:35:40,480
down how about the other arm is the

939
00:35:45,270 --> 00:35:42,240
other arm like we want to ask all these

940
00:35:46,870 --> 00:35:45,280
questions but 14 minutes up 14 minutes

941
00:35:48,310 --> 00:35:46,880
back plus we have to craft the questions

942
00:35:49,510 --> 00:35:48,320
we want to ask plus she's doing a lot of

943
00:35:52,550 --> 00:35:49,520
other stuff she's really busy she's

944
00:35:54,790 --> 00:35:52,560
hurtling toward mars and so it was that

945
00:35:56,870 --> 00:35:54,800
you know the normal human uh instinct

946
00:35:57,990 --> 00:35:56,880
would be to to to you know well what are

947
00:35:59,109 --> 00:35:58,000
you doing now what are you doing now

948
00:36:02,470 --> 00:35:59,119
well i'm going to tweak this and tweak

949
00:36:04,950 --> 00:36:02,480
that and we really had to balance that

950
00:36:07,670 --> 00:36:04,960
against hey she knows what she's doing

951
00:36:09,670 --> 00:36:07,680
you can just let her go but you only get

952
00:36:12,310 --> 00:36:09,680
the information that she sends you and

953
00:36:14,310 --> 00:36:12,320
you only get it because you know we have

954
00:36:16,310 --> 00:36:14,320
the links to the dsn

955
00:36:18,790 --> 00:36:16,320
and you know the relay links which is

956
00:36:20,470 --> 00:36:18,800
you know kind of one step on the way

957
00:36:23,829 --> 00:36:20,480
so it's very interesting for me actually

958
00:36:26,069 --> 00:36:23,839
now i'm working on the next rover the

959
00:36:28,550 --> 00:36:26,079
2020 rover so this is going to be

960
00:36:30,390 --> 00:36:28,560
curiosity's i don't know fraternal twin

961
00:36:32,710 --> 00:36:30,400
uh perhaps we're hoping to reuse a lot

962
00:36:35,430 --> 00:36:32,720
of the same systems and it's interesting

963
00:36:37,109 --> 00:36:35,440
looking back on you know usually at jpl

964
00:36:38,870 --> 00:36:37,119
you know we we do one thing and you move

965
00:36:40,710 --> 00:36:38,880
on you're like wow i'm really glad that

966
00:36:42,150 --> 00:36:40,720
worked yeah let's let's move on and do

967
00:36:43,750 --> 00:36:42,160
something different but now we have this

968
00:36:45,349 --> 00:36:43,760
opportunity to sit and think well you

969
00:36:46,870 --> 00:36:45,359
know was that the right thing you know

970
00:36:48,390 --> 00:36:46,880
maybe we should have thought about

971
00:36:50,230 --> 00:36:48,400
intervening if something happened maybe

972
00:36:52,950 --> 00:36:50,240
we should have done this maybe you know

973
00:36:55,430 --> 00:36:52,960
for for telecommunications for example

974
00:36:56,950 --> 00:36:55,440
um you know we had the the we're so

975
00:36:59,030 --> 00:36:56,960
lucky to have the the good relays

976
00:37:01,589 --> 00:36:59,040
through odyssey and mro mars

977
00:37:04,630 --> 00:37:01,599
reconnaissance orbiter and still now a

978
00:37:07,990 --> 00:37:04,640
basic cadence of curiosity's daily life

979
00:37:09,670 --> 00:37:08,000
is that uh you know odyssey or uh mro

980
00:37:11,030 --> 00:37:09,680
comes up they get all the data you know

981
00:37:12,150 --> 00:37:11,040
she dumps the pictures that sort of

982
00:37:13,829 --> 00:37:12,160
thing

983
00:37:16,150 --> 00:37:13,839
um but you know those orbiters are

984
00:37:17,670 --> 00:37:16,160
getting really old like we actually my

985
00:37:20,310 --> 00:37:17,680
group built the radios which means i'm

986
00:37:22,470 --> 00:37:20,320
getting really old uh that are on mars

987
00:37:26,710 --> 00:37:22,480
reconnaissance orbiter so it launched in

988
00:37:28,310 --> 00:37:26,720
2005. that's like a long time ago so by

989
00:37:31,030 --> 00:37:28,320
the time that we get

990
00:37:33,349 --> 00:37:31,040
to to to mars with 2020 those orbiters

991
00:37:34,790 --> 00:37:33,359
are going to be are going to be very old

992
00:37:36,790 --> 00:37:34,800
and you know we have to think about you

993
00:37:38,230 --> 00:37:36,800
know the dsn has been adding new

994
00:37:40,390 --> 00:37:38,240
capability we're looking at putting on

995
00:37:42,230 --> 00:37:40,400
optical communications and this would be

996
00:37:44,150 --> 00:37:42,240
a new feature of the interplanetary

997
00:37:46,390 --> 00:37:44,160
network that they could receive optical

998
00:37:48,470 --> 00:37:46,400
so we have options like that but only

999
00:37:50,310 --> 00:37:48,480
because you know the evolution of this

1000
00:37:52,950 --> 00:37:50,320
ground system has meant that it can

1001
00:37:55,510 --> 00:37:52,960
adapt you know to what projects need as

1002
00:37:58,150 --> 00:37:55,520
as we go along so oh i have my one

1003
00:37:59,910 --> 00:37:58,160
picture um i just wanted to show so this

1004
00:38:01,510 --> 00:37:59,920
is don't ask me why it's my it's my

1005
00:38:03,430 --> 00:38:01,520
favorite you look at you're like i don't

1006
00:38:05,829 --> 00:38:03,440
even actually know what this is so what

1007
00:38:08,550 --> 00:38:05,839
it is it's it's a picture of her arm

1008
00:38:10,230 --> 00:38:08,560
and it's it's got her name on it and

1009
00:38:11,430 --> 00:38:10,240
there's no one there to see it i mean no

1010
00:38:13,190 --> 00:38:11,440
matter what you see

1011
00:38:15,430 --> 00:38:13,200
in the twitter verse there truly is no

1012
00:38:17,430 --> 00:38:15,440
one to see it it's just her she's by

1013
00:38:18,630 --> 00:38:17,440
herself um and it always has kind of

1014
00:38:20,310 --> 00:38:18,640
struck me like i said you know i have

1015
00:38:21,109 --> 00:38:20,320
this sense of autonomy i have this sense

1016
00:38:23,109 --> 00:38:21,119
of

1017
00:38:24,870 --> 00:38:23,119
her being a person and a personality how

1018
00:38:27,030 --> 00:38:24,880
does she react to things how does she

1019
00:38:29,190 --> 00:38:27,040
like things how does she know how to do

1020
00:38:31,430 --> 00:38:29,200
things um and so i just kind of imagine

1021
00:38:33,510 --> 00:38:31,440
her sitting there you know um and just

1022
00:38:35,109 --> 00:38:33,520
going like what am i doing here what

1023
00:38:37,430 --> 00:38:35,119
curiosity oh yeah

1024
00:38:39,030 --> 00:38:37,440
uh curiosity yeah oh okay again i gotta

1025
00:38:40,390 --> 00:38:39,040
get it you know and sending back her

1026
00:38:45,109 --> 00:38:40,400
tweets oh yeah by the way i took a

1027
00:38:49,990 --> 00:38:46,950
all right we're going to open it up to

1028
00:38:52,310 --> 00:38:50,000
questions and um again you know wait for

1029
00:38:53,910 --> 00:38:52,320
a microphone to come your way and where

1030
00:38:54,870 --> 00:38:53,920
are our two mic runners by the way let

1031
00:38:59,190 --> 00:38:54,880
me see alice is here we're going to

1032
00:39:03,109 --> 00:39:01,430
go ahead hi uh you mentioned that you've

1033
00:39:04,870 --> 00:39:03,119
been working this for about eight years

1034
00:39:06,630 --> 00:39:04,880
or so uh what kind of things have you

1035
00:39:08,870 --> 00:39:06,640
learned about yourself

1036
00:39:11,670 --> 00:39:08,880
that you learned while working here and

1037
00:39:13,030 --> 00:39:11,680
uh what you know how does it feel being

1038
00:39:14,790 --> 00:39:13,040
part of history or creating something

1039
00:39:17,430 --> 00:39:14,800
like this so this yeah this was my first

1040
00:39:19,589 --> 00:39:17,440
job out of college um

1041
00:39:22,150 --> 00:39:19,599
you know i liked engineering i thought

1042
00:39:24,630 --> 00:39:22,160
it was cool i wanted to do what i saw

1043
00:39:26,950 --> 00:39:24,640
people had done before with pathfinder

1044
00:39:28,230 --> 00:39:26,960
in like 97 and then the i got here just

1045
00:39:31,109 --> 00:39:28,240
as the mars exploration rovers were

1046
00:39:32,870 --> 00:39:31,119
landing um

1047
00:39:34,230 --> 00:39:32,880
for me i learned a lot about what i like

1048
00:39:35,510 --> 00:39:34,240
as an engineer and what i don't like as

1049
00:39:37,190 --> 00:39:35,520
an engineer i also learned the

1050
00:39:39,030 --> 00:39:37,200
importance of actually working with

1051
00:39:41,030 --> 00:39:39,040
incredibly talented and awesome people

1052
00:39:42,870 --> 00:39:41,040
who make your job fun

1053
00:39:45,109 --> 00:39:42,880
um

1054
00:39:46,470 --> 00:39:45,119
yeah other people other people no uh

1055
00:39:48,150 --> 00:39:46,480
actually absolutely these guys and and

1056
00:39:50,150 --> 00:39:48,160
many other people on this team it's it's

1057
00:39:52,390 --> 00:39:50,160
been an incredible uh journey

1058
00:39:54,390 --> 00:39:52,400
um of kind of just learning

1059
00:39:55,910 --> 00:39:54,400
everything i think i i was lucky enough

1060
00:39:57,349 --> 00:39:55,920
to have some really great mentors on

1061
00:39:59,270 --> 00:39:57,359
this project like charles wetzel and

1062
00:40:00,470 --> 00:39:59,280
people like that who kind of allowed me

1063
00:40:01,750 --> 00:40:00,480
to apprentice i guess a little bit in

1064
00:40:03,349 --> 00:40:01,760
different roles throughout the the

1065
00:40:05,510 --> 00:40:03,359
course of that that time

1066
00:40:07,030 --> 00:40:05,520
um and it's really fun for me i think

1067
00:40:10,230 --> 00:40:07,040
one of the most amazing things is to see

1068
00:40:12,550 --> 00:40:10,240
this project go from really sketches on

1069
00:40:14,470 --> 00:40:12,560
you know paper and powerpoint to

1070
00:40:15,990 --> 00:40:14,480
actually you know those pictures on the

1071
00:40:18,230 --> 00:40:16,000
surface of another planet

1072
00:40:19,990 --> 00:40:18,240
um and i think that you know

1073
00:40:22,309 --> 00:40:20,000
uh people ask is

1074
00:40:24,470 --> 00:40:22,319
10 years is a really long time to get

1075
00:40:25,670 --> 00:40:24,480
that sort of like satisfaction but i'm

1076
00:40:27,430 --> 00:40:25,680
sure everybody who's worked on this

1077
00:40:29,190 --> 00:40:27,440
project for many years would say that

1078
00:40:31,750 --> 00:40:29,200
that investment is totally worth it when

1079
00:40:33,190 --> 00:40:31,760
you see the end results um so i would

1080
00:40:35,109 --> 00:40:33,200
say that despite the fact that sometimes

1081
00:40:35,990 --> 00:40:35,119
this job takes a lot of patience

1082
00:40:37,270 --> 00:40:36,000
um

1083
00:40:39,349 --> 00:40:37,280
you know maybe maybe you would love to

1084
00:40:41,510 --> 00:40:39,359
be on mars every couple years

1085
00:40:42,950 --> 00:40:41,520
uh it it really is tremendously

1086
00:40:44,550 --> 00:40:42,960
rewarding and i think that was that was

1087
00:40:45,270 --> 00:40:44,560
the best thing and i had i mean honestly

1088
00:40:47,910 --> 00:40:45,280
like

1089
00:40:48,950 --> 00:40:47,920
so from a very personal standpoint um

1090
00:40:50,630 --> 00:40:48,960
you know

1091
00:40:51,589 --> 00:40:50,640
there were definitely i think moments

1092
00:40:52,710 --> 00:40:51,599
where i was like

1093
00:40:55,030 --> 00:40:52,720
is it a little ridiculous for me to have

1094
00:40:57,670 --> 00:40:55,040
a mohawk at work or color it

1095
00:40:59,030 --> 00:40:57,680
um and and you know what i i never i

1096
00:41:00,710 --> 00:40:59,040
would say this the one of the greatest

1097
00:41:02,150 --> 00:41:00,720
things i learned about being a part of

1098
00:41:03,589 --> 00:41:02,160
this group was that we were always

1099
00:41:05,430 --> 00:41:03,599
judging the quality of our work and not

1100
00:41:07,030 --> 00:41:05,440
our presentation and how we were as

1101
00:41:08,710 --> 00:41:07,040
people i mean of course being having a

1102
00:41:09,829 --> 00:41:08,720
good team dynamic and

1103
00:41:11,190 --> 00:41:09,839
everything is really important you saw

1104
00:41:12,790 --> 00:41:11,200
us all hugging and high-fiving it's not

1105
00:41:14,230 --> 00:41:12,800
just for show it's because we really you

1106
00:41:16,630 --> 00:41:14,240
know we bonded over the the years

1107
00:41:18,390 --> 00:41:16,640
together so it's been really awesome

1108
00:41:20,390 --> 00:41:18,400
anybody else want to

1109
00:41:21,589 --> 00:41:20,400
answer that while we

1110
00:41:23,589 --> 00:41:21,599
go next

1111
00:41:26,390 --> 00:41:23,599
nope okay let me um

1112
00:41:28,309 --> 00:41:26,400
look for another exactly i agree

1113
00:41:30,230 --> 00:41:28,319
oh we have a microphone right here go

1114
00:41:32,390 --> 00:41:30,240
ahead so um because we're kind of

1115
00:41:34,309 --> 00:41:32,400
talking about a 50-year anniversary like

1116
00:41:35,829 --> 00:41:34,319
my mind is seeing 50 years ago these

1117
00:41:37,910 --> 00:41:35,839
images of just like

1118
00:41:39,670 --> 00:41:37,920
kind of generic balding white guy with

1119
00:41:41,750 --> 00:41:39,680
slick back hair pocket protector big

1120
00:41:44,870 --> 00:41:41,760
thick glasses to now

1121
00:41:47,109 --> 00:41:44,880
like just so much diversity and you guys

1122
00:41:49,349 --> 00:41:47,119
are like literally you three people are

1123
00:41:51,910 --> 00:41:49,359
famous like people millions of people

1124
00:41:52,790 --> 00:41:51,920
know who you are and i just kind of want

1125
00:41:54,390 --> 00:41:52,800
to like

1126
00:41:57,430 --> 00:41:54,400
ask you guys what do you think about

1127
00:41:59,430 --> 00:41:57,440
that like nasa going from this kind of

1128
00:42:00,630 --> 00:41:59,440
kind of elitist club to just like it

1129
00:42:04,069 --> 00:42:00,640
feels like

1130
00:42:06,150 --> 00:42:04,079
like these images like i'm gonna cry but

1131
00:42:08,470 --> 00:42:06,160
like all these images of everybody

1132
00:42:11,190 --> 00:42:08,480
cheering for these spacecraft like what

1133
00:42:12,550 --> 00:42:11,200
do you guys what do you feel about that

1134
00:42:16,550 --> 00:42:12,560
so they handed the microphone to the

1135
00:42:20,710 --> 00:42:18,150
now actually it's interesting so i've

1136
00:42:21,670 --> 00:42:20,720
worked at jpl for 20 years um

1137
00:42:24,470 --> 00:42:21,680
and

1138
00:42:27,750 --> 00:42:24,480
actually i started out uh uh doing some

1139
00:42:30,470 --> 00:42:27,760
work in the dsn and i was like yeah jpm

1140
00:42:33,109 --> 00:42:30,480
dsn oh yeah but i have a job at jpl and

1141
00:42:35,430 --> 00:42:33,119
i don't actually care what it is um but

1142
00:42:36,950 --> 00:42:35,440
i remember seeing safety videos you know

1143
00:42:38,470 --> 00:42:36,960
at the time like oh you know watch how

1144
00:42:41,349 --> 00:42:38,480
to take care of hardware you know

1145
00:42:42,870 --> 00:42:41,359
whatever and i am not kidding it was a

1146
00:42:44,790 --> 00:42:42,880
guy like with a white shirt pocket

1147
00:42:47,349 --> 00:42:44,800
protector black pants i mean this wasn't

1148
00:42:49,270 --> 00:42:47,359
ironic either this was the video and

1149
00:42:51,750 --> 00:42:49,280
he's wearing a coat and it's funny at

1150
00:42:53,589 --> 00:42:51,760
the time so he's got a pipe in his

1151
00:42:55,190 --> 00:42:53,599
pocket

1152
00:42:56,710 --> 00:42:55,200
you do and one of the things that

1153
00:42:58,069 --> 00:42:56,720
they're showing like you know be careful

1154
00:43:00,309 --> 00:42:58,079
that you don't have i mean now we wear

1155
00:43:02,069 --> 00:43:00,319
badges on on on chain and

1156
00:43:03,589 --> 00:43:02,079
i've never done this but you could

1157
00:43:05,270 --> 00:43:03,599
certainly lean over and you know crack

1158
00:43:06,950 --> 00:43:05,280
something with your badge but they show

1159
00:43:08,790 --> 00:43:06,960
this guy leaning over and the pipe's

1160
00:43:10,470 --> 00:43:08,800
coming out and it's like dark and they

1161
00:43:12,710 --> 00:43:10,480
stop him like this and you're like are

1162
00:43:14,950 --> 00:43:12,720
you kidding me are you but it was funny

1163
00:43:16,870 --> 00:43:14,960
when i came actually i mean you know

1164
00:43:18,710 --> 00:43:16,880
back in the day there weren't that many

1165
00:43:21,190 --> 00:43:18,720
women engineers mostly it was the

1166
00:43:23,349 --> 00:43:21,200
administrative staff um and it was an

1167
00:43:25,109 --> 00:43:23,359
interesting uh dynamic for me like every

1168
00:43:26,550 --> 00:43:25,119
once in a while actually still

1169
00:43:28,630 --> 00:43:26,560
i sit in a meeting and i might be the

1170
00:43:30,550 --> 00:43:28,640
one woman and there's 20 guys and it

1171
00:43:32,309 --> 00:43:30,560
just happens to be because that's the

1172
00:43:34,630 --> 00:43:32,319
balance but i think kind of like bobik

1173
00:43:36,470 --> 00:43:34,640
was saying um one of the great things

1174
00:43:39,910 --> 00:43:36,480
about working for nasa is it is about

1175
00:43:42,390 --> 00:43:39,920
your ideas so if i have good ideas i'm

1176
00:43:45,190 --> 00:43:42,400
in the center of the room i can be chief

1177
00:43:46,790 --> 00:43:45,200
engineer not this project maybe but i

1178
00:43:48,150 --> 00:43:46,800
can be chief engineer i can be whatever

1179
00:43:50,230 --> 00:43:48,160
and i know that kind of sounds like a

1180
00:43:52,710 --> 00:43:50,240
platitude but i think certainly my

1181
00:43:54,630 --> 00:43:52,720
experience has been that way and you

1182
00:43:56,230 --> 00:43:54,640
know we have more and more people coming

1183
00:43:58,150 --> 00:43:56,240
in i mean part of it is just education

1184
00:44:00,630 --> 00:43:58,160
right i mean back in the day i had to

1185
00:44:02,550 --> 00:44:00,640
keep saying that you know it wasn't

1186
00:44:03,990 --> 00:44:02,560
a good career path for a woman to go

1187
00:44:06,470 --> 00:44:04,000
into engineering why would you want to

1188
00:44:08,390 --> 00:44:06,480
do that um you didn't see people that

1189
00:44:09,829 --> 00:44:08,400
looked like you whether you were a woman

1190
00:44:11,589 --> 00:44:09,839
whether you were black whether you were

1191
00:44:13,030 --> 00:44:11,599
indian you just didn't see people like

1192
00:44:14,870 --> 00:44:13,040
that so why would you think that that

1193
00:44:16,950 --> 00:44:14,880
was something that you would do and i

1194
00:44:18,790 --> 00:44:16,960
think now there's there's so much less

1195
00:44:20,390 --> 00:44:18,800
of that there's no reason

1196
00:44:21,750 --> 00:44:20,400
you know for people not to understand

1197
00:44:23,990 --> 00:44:21,760
that they can have opportunities in

1198
00:44:26,069 --> 00:44:24,000
science and engineering jpl and

1199
00:44:27,670 --> 00:44:26,079
certainly stephen and bobik and i have

1200
00:44:29,990 --> 00:44:27,680
been very involved in you know getting

1201
00:44:31,349 --> 00:44:30,000
out and doing lectures on science and

1202
00:44:32,950 --> 00:44:31,359
engineering and why it's okay i actually

1203
00:44:34,630 --> 00:44:32,960
get to go to morocco

1204
00:44:36,790 --> 00:44:34,640
last year to give some talks for the

1205
00:44:39,030 --> 00:44:36,800
state department and i tell you the kids

1206
00:44:40,390 --> 00:44:39,040
were looking at me you know blonde white

1207
00:44:42,950 --> 00:44:40,400
woman

1208
00:44:44,390 --> 00:44:42,960
you know like i was from outer space so

1209
00:44:45,750 --> 00:44:44,400
it's very satisfying you know it's just

1210
00:44:47,670 --> 00:44:45,760
a matter of getting the word out that's

1211
00:44:49,510 --> 00:44:47,680
that's the way i feel about it

1212
00:44:50,870 --> 00:44:49,520
um you know i'll actually add something

1213
00:44:52,550 --> 00:44:50,880
to that getting the word out you know

1214
00:44:54,870 --> 00:44:52,560
really what has made these missions so

1215
00:44:57,670 --> 00:44:54,880
popular and them so well known

1216
00:44:59,829 --> 00:44:57,680
is that you all are on social media and

1217
00:45:02,390 --> 00:44:59,839
you have made this kind of work really

1218
00:45:04,790 --> 00:45:02,400
cool again um you know

1219
00:45:06,630 --> 00:45:04,800
in the last five years with twitter and

1220
00:45:08,230 --> 00:45:06,640
all the other social media platforms and

1221
00:45:10,390 --> 00:45:08,240
obviously you guys are following nasa in

1222
00:45:12,390 --> 00:45:10,400
some capacity and maybe on landing night

1223
00:45:14,550 --> 00:45:12,400
you were retweeting the landing but you

1224
00:45:16,630 --> 00:45:14,560
know we have done mission commentary

1225
00:45:18,630 --> 00:45:16,640
like what you saw in that video for

1226
00:45:21,349 --> 00:45:18,640
every single mission going back for

1227
00:45:23,109 --> 00:45:21,359
decades it just didn't get out very well

1228
00:45:24,950 --> 00:45:23,119
it only went to the news media and they

1229
00:45:26,710 --> 00:45:24,960
take you know the 30 minute or 20 sec a

1230
00:45:27,990 --> 00:45:26,720
30-second chunk of it to play in the

1231
00:45:29,990 --> 00:45:28,000
evening news you didn't see all the

1232
00:45:31,510 --> 00:45:30,000
build up in the drama and more in more

1233
00:45:33,990 --> 00:45:31,520
recent years we've been able to stream

1234
00:45:36,390 --> 00:45:34,000
it live uh the entire the entire show

1235
00:45:38,150 --> 00:45:36,400
the entire few hours of commentary and i

1236
00:45:40,230 --> 00:45:38,160
think that has made you have made all

1237
00:45:41,670 --> 00:45:40,240
the difference in the world in terms of

1238
00:45:43,190 --> 00:45:41,680
getting people more familiar with our

1239
00:45:45,109 --> 00:45:43,200
missions and and more familiar with the

1240
00:45:47,430 --> 00:45:45,119
people who are behind them so

1241
00:45:49,589 --> 00:45:47,440
it's thank you guys for doing that

1242
00:45:51,750 --> 00:45:49,599
there's a lot more channels of

1243
00:45:54,150 --> 00:45:51,760
communication now and a lot more options

1244
00:45:56,470 --> 00:45:54,160
for how we can tell the story of how we

1245
00:45:58,550 --> 00:45:56,480
do our stuff

1246
00:46:00,950 --> 00:45:58,560
just to touch on anne's

1247
00:46:04,710 --> 00:46:00,960
comment uh a little bit i was sitting in

1248
00:46:06,710 --> 00:46:04,720
a meeting for mars uh 2020 uh talking

1249
00:46:09,750 --> 00:46:06,720
about propulsion system stuff for that

1250
00:46:13,030 --> 00:46:09,760
mission the other day and it slowly

1251
00:46:15,510 --> 00:46:13,040
dawned on me that i was the only guy

1252
00:46:18,470 --> 00:46:15,520
in the meeting and i was like

1253
00:46:21,829 --> 00:46:18,480
that's that's good you know we we are

1254
00:46:23,829 --> 00:46:21,839
making progress there um and and jpl is

1255
00:46:26,630 --> 00:46:23,839
just an amazing place because of the

1256
00:46:28,710 --> 00:46:26,640
diversity of of people that uh that get

1257
00:46:31,750 --> 00:46:28,720
to work on it

1258
00:46:34,630 --> 00:46:31,760
we are super super lucky to be able to

1259
00:46:36,230 --> 00:46:34,640
do this fun technical stuff

1260
00:46:38,470 --> 00:46:36,240
be given these very challenging

1261
00:46:41,270 --> 00:46:38,480
technical problems and be able to share

1262
00:46:43,750 --> 00:46:41,280
it with the whole world basically uh

1263
00:46:45,990 --> 00:46:43,760
that they can uh you know ride along and

1264
00:46:47,670 --> 00:46:46,000
uh and see the amazing stuff that we're

1265
00:46:49,030 --> 00:46:47,680
doing so

1266
00:46:50,870 --> 00:46:49,040
all right let me go to another question

1267
00:46:52,870 --> 00:46:50,880
to someone already have the microphone

1268
00:46:54,829 --> 00:46:52,880
uh let's see if we go to the very back

1269
00:46:57,589 --> 00:46:54,839
row there

1270
00:46:59,829 --> 00:46:57,599
thanks hi there um

1271
00:47:02,790 --> 00:46:59,839
my name is jason major i i'm at twitter

1272
00:47:05,430 --> 00:47:02,800
at jp major and i love tweeting about

1273
00:47:07,510 --> 00:47:05,440
all of the space news that's happening i

1274
00:47:09,030 --> 00:47:07,520
remember live tweeting the the landing

1275
00:47:10,790 --> 00:47:09,040
it was one of the most exciting things

1276
00:47:13,349 --> 00:47:10,800
i've ever seen and the excitement that

1277
00:47:15,109 --> 00:47:13,359
was in the room was was palpable across

1278
00:47:17,270 --> 00:47:15,119
the internet which was really really

1279
00:47:20,309 --> 00:47:17,280
amazing um

1280
00:47:22,549 --> 00:47:20,319
now because this social is all about

1281
00:47:25,349 --> 00:47:22,559
communication with spacecraft and with

1282
00:47:27,030 --> 00:47:25,359
curiosity um and of course other

1283
00:47:28,309 --> 00:47:27,040
missions as well

1284
00:47:30,150 --> 00:47:28,319
what

1285
00:47:31,589 --> 00:47:30,160
and i'll say this for for all three of

1286
00:47:34,150 --> 00:47:31,599
you um

1287
00:47:37,349 --> 00:47:34,160
what what's your favorite information

1288
00:47:38,549 --> 00:47:37,359
that's come back from curiosity uh of

1289
00:47:40,549 --> 00:47:38,559
course other than you know hey i've

1290
00:47:43,990 --> 00:47:40,559
landed safely on mars everything's good

1291
00:47:46,549 --> 00:47:44,000
i like the quaternions a lot

1292
00:47:47,829 --> 00:47:46,559
but i'm an attitude control guy

1293
00:47:49,910 --> 00:47:47,839
uh

1294
00:47:52,150 --> 00:47:49,920
just so you get the joke the quaternions

1295
00:47:55,829 --> 00:47:52,160
are four numbers that we use to express

1296
00:47:58,630 --> 00:47:55,839
how the spacecraft is oriented in space

1297
00:48:01,190 --> 00:47:58,640
i spend a lot of my time

1298
00:48:03,430 --> 00:48:01,200
looking at telemetry and

1299
00:48:05,190 --> 00:48:03,440
the dsn streams me

1300
00:48:06,710 --> 00:48:05,200
thousands of numbers that show up on

1301
00:48:07,589 --> 00:48:06,720
these screens that are in front of you

1302
00:48:08,309 --> 00:48:07,599
guys

1303
00:48:13,109 --> 00:48:08,319
and

1304
00:48:15,030 --> 00:48:13,119
we in each of our different subsystems

1305
00:48:17,430 --> 00:48:15,040
make a picture in our mind of what the

1306
00:48:20,549 --> 00:48:17,440
spacecraft is doing out there

1307
00:48:22,470 --> 00:48:20,559
um and so that's the day-to-day thing i

1308
00:48:24,630 --> 00:48:22,480
mean that's what we you know when we're

1309
00:48:26,630 --> 00:48:24,640
not on tv we come in here every day and

1310
00:48:28,549 --> 00:48:26,640
look at our telemetry and figure out is

1311
00:48:30,309 --> 00:48:28,559
the spacecraft okay today that's weird

1312
00:48:31,190 --> 00:48:30,319
what is that little wiggle why did it do

1313
00:48:32,470 --> 00:48:31,200
that

1314
00:48:34,390 --> 00:48:32,480
um

1315
00:48:36,230 --> 00:48:34,400
that that may not be what

1316
00:48:39,190 --> 00:48:36,240
quite you were asking about what's the

1317
00:48:41,670 --> 00:48:39,200
most fascinating science

1318
00:48:44,390 --> 00:48:41,680
uh information from uh from curiosity

1319
00:48:49,589 --> 00:48:44,400
but but that's sort of my day-to-day

1320
00:48:52,870 --> 00:48:51,430
obviously the pictures are amazing i

1321
00:48:54,470 --> 00:48:52,880
think they're very tangible like when

1322
00:48:56,309 --> 00:48:54,480
you see like where we are at kimberly

1323
00:48:57,430 --> 00:48:56,319
these big you know beautiful rocks right

1324
00:48:59,910 --> 00:48:57,440
in front of us mountain shark is in the

1325
00:49:01,670 --> 00:48:59,920
distance it's it's all like and it's for

1326
00:49:03,750 --> 00:49:01,680
me it was very powerful i think to see

1327
00:49:05,510 --> 00:49:03,760
for example pathfinder in 97 to see the

1328
00:49:07,109 --> 00:49:05,520
fact that there's this human-built

1329
00:49:08,790 --> 00:49:07,119
object on a surface another planet makes

1330
00:49:10,069 --> 00:49:08,800
it very just kind of like an experience

1331
00:49:12,309 --> 00:49:10,079
that i feel like i could

1332
00:49:14,150 --> 00:49:12,319
share in um the things that i think i i

1333
00:49:15,750 --> 00:49:14,160
love now i really enjoy the weather

1334
00:49:17,589 --> 00:49:15,760
report and just i don't know why but

1335
00:49:18,790 --> 00:49:17,599
kind of knowing like mars has weather

1336
00:49:21,109 --> 00:49:18,800
and there's temperatures and oh yeah i

1337
00:49:22,309 --> 00:49:21,119
know oh it was cold day on mars today um

1338
00:49:23,750 --> 00:49:22,319
that kind of stuff is actually really

1339
00:49:24,710 --> 00:49:23,760
awesome i know when the sun sets you

1340
00:49:25,990 --> 00:49:24,720
know

1341
00:49:28,470 --> 00:49:26,000
one of the things early on that i

1342
00:49:30,630 --> 00:49:28,480
remember just loving more than anything

1343
00:49:32,950 --> 00:49:30,640
was the way the rover works is every

1344
00:49:35,030 --> 00:49:32,960
morning roughly uh you know 9 30 10 ish

1345
00:49:37,990 --> 00:49:35,040
we send in the the commands for the

1346
00:49:39,750 --> 00:49:38,000
entire day and then in order uh to

1347
00:49:41,349 --> 00:49:39,760
acknowledge that the rover just sends

1348
00:49:43,510 --> 00:49:41,359
out this little beep and it's just a

1349
00:49:45,109 --> 00:49:43,520
tone all is a little tone at the right

1350
00:49:47,109 --> 00:49:45,119
time that tells you hey i got the

1351
00:49:48,309 --> 00:49:47,119
commands today i'm gonna go do this now

1352
00:49:49,829 --> 00:49:48,319
and i don't know why but that just made

1353
00:49:51,589 --> 00:49:49,839
me so happy i'm like oh there it is it's

1354
00:49:53,270 --> 00:49:51,599
just telling us oh i got this all right

1355
00:49:54,710 --> 00:49:53,280
and you know of course later on the data

1356
00:49:55,910 --> 00:49:54,720
comes back via the mro but that you know

1357
00:49:57,430 --> 00:49:55,920
through going through the deep says

1358
00:50:00,150 --> 00:49:57,440
network we get this little just little

1359
00:50:01,349 --> 00:50:00,160
chirp saying yeah everything is fine

1360
00:50:02,630 --> 00:50:01,359
and it's i don't know why but it just

1361
00:50:03,990 --> 00:50:02,640
made me really happy it was just like a

1362
00:50:06,710 --> 00:50:04,000
little like i felt like a very personal

1363
00:50:07,510 --> 00:50:06,720
connection to the rubber at that moment

1364
00:50:09,510 --> 00:50:07,520
um

1365
00:50:12,710 --> 00:50:09,520
so i'm gonna be extra nerdy and say that

1366
00:50:14,630 --> 00:50:12,720
i really like the health status stuff

1367
00:50:16,230 --> 00:50:14,640
um you know i made the comment about the

1368
00:50:17,349 --> 00:50:16,240
rover tweeting and you think oh i'm just

1369
00:50:19,510 --> 00:50:17,359
saying that because i'm in a social

1370
00:50:20,950 --> 00:50:19,520
media thing no it is actually exactly

1371
00:50:23,829 --> 00:50:20,960
like tweeting there's something called

1372
00:50:24,710 --> 00:50:23,839
evrs help me out uh

1373
00:50:26,790 --> 00:50:24,720
yeah

1374
00:50:28,309 --> 00:50:26,800
no idea we have no idea what it is but

1375
00:50:30,710 --> 00:50:28,319
it's basically so just like you know a

1376
00:50:33,589 --> 00:50:30,720
tweet is 142 characters so this is one

1377
00:50:36,390 --> 00:50:33,599
line it'll say evr activity high i

1378
00:50:38,390 --> 00:50:36,400
turned on a motor evr warning low i saw

1379
00:50:40,069 --> 00:50:38,400
a red light on a temperature gauge that

1380
00:50:42,790 --> 00:50:40,079
i'm not all that concerned about evr

1381
00:50:44,150 --> 00:50:42,800
etcetera and so uh as as babak was

1382
00:50:46,630 --> 00:50:44,160
saying you know there's only some times

1383
00:50:48,870 --> 00:50:46,640
that we um are talking to the to the dsn

1384
00:50:51,270 --> 00:50:48,880
or you know dumping stuff uh through the

1385
00:50:52,069 --> 00:50:51,280
rov through the the relay and so you

1386
00:50:53,589 --> 00:50:52,079
know you're kind of sitting there

1387
00:50:55,510 --> 00:50:53,599
sitting there nothing and then you just

1388
00:50:57,829 --> 00:50:55,520
see this stream of consciousness like

1389
00:50:59,349 --> 00:50:57,839
your super annoying friend who goes and

1390
00:51:00,710 --> 00:50:59,359
it's like i'm at the mall i'm going to

1391
00:51:02,630 --> 00:51:00,720
abercrombie and fidget oh my gosh

1392
00:51:04,230 --> 00:51:02,640
they're having a sale oh look this one's

1393
00:51:06,710 --> 00:51:04,240
blue i'm going to get the blue one wait

1394
00:51:09,190 --> 00:51:06,720
i'm going to call bob maybe i'll go

1395
00:51:11,349 --> 00:51:09,200
exactly but it just continues this

1396
00:51:14,309 --> 00:51:11,359
stream down and it's it is sort of like

1397
00:51:15,589 --> 00:51:14,319
it's live tweeting its day you know i

1398
00:51:16,950 --> 00:51:15,599
did this i did this and you know most of

1399
00:51:18,470 --> 00:51:16,960
the stuff isn't all that interesting the

1400
00:51:20,230 --> 00:51:18,480
pictures are interesting you know some

1401
00:51:21,670 --> 00:51:20,240
of this technical data is interesting

1402
00:51:23,990 --> 00:51:21,680
but most of the stuff that it does

1403
00:51:25,589 --> 00:51:24,000
during the day just like us um is not

1404
00:51:27,589 --> 00:51:25,599
really all that interesting and kind of

1405
00:51:29,750 --> 00:51:27,599
happens every day but that gives me this

1406
00:51:31,430 --> 00:51:29,760
warm sense of normality like this is

1407
00:51:32,630 --> 00:51:31,440
just another day on the surface tick

1408
00:51:34,470 --> 00:51:32,640
tick tick tick tick i did all these

1409
00:51:37,109 --> 00:51:34,480
things bye-bye signed off i'll talk to

1410
00:51:40,230 --> 00:51:37,119
you tomorrow mom

1411
00:51:42,950 --> 00:51:40,240
before we let you guys go i wanted to

1412
00:51:44,870 --> 00:51:42,960
bring up the peanuts and uh does any one

1413
00:51:46,470 --> 00:51:44,880
of you want to tell the story of peanuts

1414
00:51:49,990 --> 00:51:46,480
steve i'm wondering you you have been in

1415
00:51:53,030 --> 00:51:50,000
this room for so many mission events

1416
00:51:55,190 --> 00:51:53,040
yeah and there always seem to be peanuts

1417
00:51:56,230 --> 00:51:55,200
for some reason

1418
00:51:57,270 --> 00:51:56,240
i i

1419
00:51:59,430 --> 00:51:57,280
i'm

1420
00:52:01,670 --> 00:51:59,440
i may have trouble with knowing the

1421
00:52:02,950 --> 00:52:01,680
whole story but there's a long tradition

1422
00:52:05,510 --> 00:52:02,960
at jpl

1423
00:52:07,109 --> 00:52:05,520
of of having um

1424
00:52:09,510 --> 00:52:07,119
peanuts for

1425
00:52:12,150 --> 00:52:09,520
i think it started with launches and

1426
00:52:14,470 --> 00:52:12,160
then later became kind of any big

1427
00:52:17,270 --> 00:52:14,480
critical event uh that we're doing with

1428
00:52:19,990 --> 00:52:17,280
the spacecraft that for good luck we

1429
00:52:21,589 --> 00:52:20,000
would get out a a bunch of peanuts and

1430
00:52:23,430 --> 00:52:21,599
we'd pass them up and down the rows and

1431
00:52:24,630 --> 00:52:23,440
everybody would eat a couple of peanuts

1432
00:52:27,750 --> 00:52:24,640
yeah i'll tell you a little more about

1433
00:52:30,470 --> 00:52:27,760
the story it was dates back to 1957 and

1434
00:52:33,270 --> 00:52:30,480
uh we were launching a series of

1435
00:52:35,829 --> 00:52:33,280
spacecraft ranger spacecraft at the time

1436
00:52:38,950 --> 00:52:35,839
rangers one through six failed

1437
00:52:40,470 --> 00:52:38,960
ranger seven was a success and everyone

1438
00:52:41,589 --> 00:52:40,480
said well what did we do differently and

1439
00:52:42,710 --> 00:52:41,599
the only thing they could think of that

1440
00:52:44,470 --> 00:52:42,720
had been done differently is someone who

1441
00:52:45,430 --> 00:52:44,480
brought peanuts to mission control that

1442
00:52:47,030 --> 00:52:45,440
day

1443
00:52:48,150 --> 00:52:47,040
just to help people stop being so

1444
00:52:51,030 --> 00:52:48,160
nervous and they had passed around the

1445
00:52:53,030 --> 00:52:51,040
peanuts now so this since 1957 it's been

1446
00:52:54,390 --> 00:52:53,040
a tradition here at jpl as someone else

1447
00:52:57,109 --> 00:52:54,400
will stay say here it's not a

1448
00:53:03,349 --> 00:52:57,119
superstition it's a tradition

1449
00:53:06,390 --> 00:53:04,870
anyways we've got peanuts for each row

1450
00:53:07,670 --> 00:53:06,400
so we're going to put some peanuts on

1451
00:53:09,349 --> 00:53:07,680
the end of each row so you guys can do

1452
00:53:11,589 --> 00:53:09,359
what they do and pass down the peanuts

1453
00:53:13,510 --> 00:53:11,599
during the rest of today thank you all

1454
00:53:15,030 --> 00:53:13,520
so much for coming in and spending time

1455
00:53:16,950 --> 00:53:15,040
talking with them today really

1456
00:53:18,069 --> 00:53:16,960
appreciate it and appreciate all your

1457
00:53:26,309 --> 00:53:18,079
great work

1458
00:53:30,950 --> 00:53:28,870
okay so you've seen this visualization

1459
00:53:33,349 --> 00:53:30,960
going on over here all morning and doug

1460
00:53:34,870 --> 00:53:33,359
ellison was uh instrumental in in

1461
00:53:37,670 --> 00:53:34,880
getting this created and then because it

1462
00:53:39,109 --> 00:53:37,680
used to only be available inside uh jpl

1463
00:53:40,549 --> 00:53:39,119
and now it is available on the internet

1464
00:53:41,990 --> 00:53:40,559
just recently in the last couple of

1465
00:53:43,030 --> 00:53:42,000
weeks right three weeks ago all right

1466
00:53:45,510 --> 00:53:43,040
let you explain it so thank you very

1467
00:53:46,950 --> 00:53:45,520
much so uh welcome everybody the uh the

1468
00:53:48,390 --> 00:53:46,960
the traditional way the deep space

1469
00:53:50,309 --> 00:53:48,400
network would share with the world what

1470
00:53:51,750 --> 00:53:50,319
it was up to and up until about 18

1471
00:53:53,349 --> 00:53:51,760
months two years ago

1472
00:53:54,950 --> 00:53:53,359
was um very much like the gantt chart

1473
00:53:56,470 --> 00:53:54,960
behind that cameraman

1474
00:53:58,309 --> 00:53:56,480
and it's it tells you exactly what the

1475
00:53:59,270 --> 00:53:58,319
network is doing but it takes a while to

1476
00:54:01,349 --> 00:53:59,280
figure out what it's you know what does

1477
00:54:03,190 --> 00:54:01,359
it look like what what what is each line

1478
00:54:04,309 --> 00:54:03,200
what are the colors mean and it's it's a

1479
00:54:06,549 --> 00:54:04,319
glorious way of showing people what the

1480
00:54:09,109 --> 00:54:06,559
network is doing but it's not

1481
00:54:10,630 --> 00:54:09,119
particularly kind of uh intuitive right

1482
00:54:11,910 --> 00:54:10,640
it's not it's not easy to grasp a hold

1483
00:54:13,510 --> 00:54:11,920
of and so

1484
00:54:14,790 --> 00:54:13,520
our team the visualization technology

1485
00:54:16,390 --> 00:54:14,800
application and developments team uh

1486
00:54:18,069 --> 00:54:16,400
here at jpl we worked with some of the

1487
00:54:19,829 --> 00:54:18,079
uh the engineers behind the dsm

1488
00:54:21,109 --> 00:54:19,839
particularly a guy called bark bowie who

1489
00:54:22,549 --> 00:54:21,119
set up some

1490
00:54:24,230 --> 00:54:22,559
some pretty cool pipelines as you can

1491
00:54:25,990 --> 00:54:24,240
imagine getting data about what the

1492
00:54:26,870 --> 00:54:26,000
network itself is doing out to the

1493
00:54:28,309 --> 00:54:26,880
public

1494
00:54:29,750 --> 00:54:28,319
is pretty tricky you've got a lot of

1495
00:54:31,670 --> 00:54:29,760
firewalls to jump through but we've

1496
00:54:32,950 --> 00:54:31,680
managed to make it work now the first

1497
00:54:34,150 --> 00:54:32,960
step was what you've already seen this

1498
00:54:35,430 --> 00:54:34,160
morning we've got this thing working

1499
00:54:36,710 --> 00:54:35,440
here and you'll have seen it up in the

1500
00:54:38,309 --> 00:54:36,720
dark room as well we have these three

1501
00:54:39,829 --> 00:54:38,319
screens that show you all the different

1502
00:54:41,349 --> 00:54:39,839
connections between the antenna and the

1503
00:54:42,870 --> 00:54:41,359
spacecraft and you can see the whole

1504
00:54:44,230 --> 00:54:42,880
different bunch of spacecraft here some

1505
00:54:45,750 --> 00:54:44,240
are gray some are lit up because they're

1506
00:54:47,270 --> 00:54:45,760
actually live connections some are green

1507
00:54:48,870 --> 00:54:47,280
that's the one that's reflected over in

1508
00:54:51,190 --> 00:54:48,880
the co in the big screen at the front of

1509
00:54:53,109 --> 00:54:51,200
the dark room there what we've now done

1510
00:54:54,710 --> 00:54:53,119
is take that and put it online for

1511
00:54:57,030 --> 00:54:54,720
anybody to look at anywhere around the

1512
00:54:57,829 --> 00:54:57,040
world right inside a browser and that's

1513
00:54:59,270 --> 00:54:57,839
what

1514
00:55:01,710 --> 00:54:59,280
the screen is right here so you can get

1515
00:55:03,670 --> 00:55:01,720
to it from the new dsn website at

1516
00:55:04,829 --> 00:55:03,680
deepspace.jpl.nasa.gov or there's a

1517
00:55:07,750 --> 00:55:04,839
quick shortcut for you can go to

1518
00:55:09,510 --> 00:55:07,760
eyes.nasa.gov forward slash dsm i'm sure

1519
00:55:10,549 --> 00:55:09,520
those of you tuning in uh value stream

1520
00:55:11,750 --> 00:55:10,559
and so on and so forth and many of you

1521
00:55:13,270 --> 00:55:11,760
here will have heard about eyes on the

1522
00:55:15,270 --> 00:55:13,280
solar system eyes on the earth eyes on

1523
00:55:17,349 --> 00:55:15,280
exoplanets they all have eyes.nasa.gov

1524
00:55:19,910 --> 00:55:17,359
we'll put a slash dsn on it and you get

1525
00:55:22,230 --> 00:55:19,920
this web page right here and lo and

1526
00:55:23,750 --> 00:55:22,240
behold we hit enter dsn now and we get

1527
00:55:26,069 --> 00:55:23,760
the current view notice they're kind of

1528
00:55:28,069 --> 00:55:26,079
the same right we're now sharing this

1529
00:55:29,510 --> 00:55:28,079
internal dsn view with the general

1530
00:55:30,950 --> 00:55:29,520
public around the globe and you can see

1531
00:55:32,549 --> 00:55:30,960
you've got the dishes at madrid at

1532
00:55:33,510 --> 00:55:32,559
goldstone at canberra in fact this

1533
00:55:35,750 --> 00:55:33,520
version has even got the under

1534
00:55:37,270 --> 00:55:35,760
construction dish 35 down in canberra

1535
00:55:39,510 --> 00:55:37,280
right which will be starting work later

1536
00:55:41,349 --> 00:55:39,520
this year now this is kind of the the 10

1537
00:55:43,349 --> 00:55:41,359
000 view you can see all the different

1538
00:55:45,109 --> 00:55:43,359
connections in real time we can bring up

1539
00:55:46,950 --> 00:55:45,119
the world map that shows you where these

1540
00:55:48,870 --> 00:55:46,960
space these these complexes are around

1541
00:55:50,309 --> 00:55:48,880
the globe in real time with proper

1542
00:55:51,510 --> 00:55:50,319
shading and daytime and night time and

1543
00:55:54,230 --> 00:55:51,520
so on and so forth the different time

1544
00:55:55,990 --> 00:55:54,240
zones for these three complexes but

1545
00:55:57,589 --> 00:55:56,000
where this thing really gets cool is

1546
00:55:58,870 --> 00:55:57,599
kind of the really nerdy detail as far

1547
00:55:59,990 --> 00:55:58,880
as i'm concerned so let's take one

1548
00:56:01,750 --> 00:56:00,000
spacecraft and trigger we've already

1549
00:56:04,549 --> 00:56:01,760
selected up here we can click on soho

1550
00:56:05,750 --> 00:56:04,559
right here soho is a solar observatory

1551
00:56:07,510 --> 00:56:05,760
that lives out

1552
00:56:09,109 --> 00:56:07,520
where the gravity of the sun and the

1553
00:56:13,190 --> 00:56:09,119
earth cancel out so it can observe the

1554
00:56:15,270 --> 00:56:13,200
sun 24 7 365. and this is a simulated

1555
00:56:17,829 --> 00:56:15,280
view of that particular dish pointing in

1556
00:56:19,270 --> 00:56:17,839
that direction at that time of day okay

1557
00:56:22,630 --> 00:56:19,280
we generated the library of something

1558
00:56:24,470 --> 00:56:22,640
like 280 000 images to feed that little

1559
00:56:25,910 --> 00:56:24,480
image in the corner okay

1560
00:56:28,309 --> 00:56:25,920
and we've got some information down here

1561
00:56:29,990 --> 00:56:28,319
soho is 1.29 million k from the earth

1562
00:56:31,270 --> 00:56:30,000
the round trip light time the time it

1563
00:56:34,870 --> 00:56:31,280
takes for radio signal to get to the

1564
00:56:36,870 --> 00:56:34,880
spacecraft and back again is 8.6 seconds

1565
00:56:39,990 --> 00:56:36,880
and you can see it's station 54 it's

1566
00:56:41,670 --> 00:56:40,000
pointing at 264 degrees azimuth and 26.3

1567
00:56:43,510 --> 00:56:41,680
degrees above the horizon you can see

1568
00:56:45,510 --> 00:56:43,520
the weather at the site it's 9.8 sorry

1569
00:56:47,270 --> 00:56:45,520
10.5 it updates every five seconds at

1570
00:56:48,630 --> 00:56:47,280
kilometers per hour where this thing

1571
00:56:50,309 --> 00:56:48,640
gets really cool is when you hit more

1572
00:56:51,750 --> 00:56:50,319
details this is why i really really like

1573
00:56:53,109 --> 00:56:51,760
this tool because you can then start to

1574
00:56:54,390 --> 00:56:53,119
see stuff like

1575
00:56:56,150 --> 00:56:54,400
what sort of data we're getting back

1576
00:56:57,910 --> 00:56:56,160
what frequency it is what power we're

1577
00:56:59,750 --> 00:56:57,920
using so right now so you can see right

1578
00:57:03,109 --> 00:56:59,760
now the soho spacecraft is sending data

1579
00:57:05,750 --> 00:57:03,119
back at 245.7 kilobits per second okay

1580
00:57:07,270 --> 00:57:05,760
that's like isdn speeds early adsl

1581
00:57:08,630 --> 00:57:07,280
speeds let's find something that might

1582
00:57:09,990 --> 00:57:08,640
be talking to us a little bit quicker

1583
00:57:12,150 --> 00:57:10,000
let's find

1584
00:57:13,349 --> 00:57:12,160
uh hopefully mars honestly the mars

1585
00:57:14,630 --> 00:57:13,359
odyssey orbiter may be doing actually a

1586
00:57:16,710 --> 00:57:14,640
little bit slower i'd expect let's see

1587
00:57:19,109 --> 00:57:16,720
what we're getting here 124 kilobits per

1588
00:57:20,069 --> 00:57:19,119
second from mars right now okay

1589
00:57:21,910 --> 00:57:20,079
and

1590
00:57:23,589 --> 00:57:21,920
everyone's favorite without fail is of

1591
00:57:25,829 --> 00:57:23,599
course this guy right down here voyager

1592
00:57:27,109 --> 00:57:25,839
1 has been speaking to us all morning

1593
00:57:28,789 --> 00:57:27,119
and

1594
00:57:31,430 --> 00:57:28,799
you may see some spacecraft in here you

1595
00:57:32,789 --> 00:57:31,440
know 100 kilobits per second 200

1596
00:57:34,549 --> 00:57:32,799
kilobits per second in some cases like

1597
00:57:36,069 --> 00:57:34,559
the miles reconnaissance orbiter 4

1598
00:57:38,390 --> 00:57:36,079
megabits per second you know pretty

1599
00:57:40,549 --> 00:57:38,400
decent communication rates uh voyager

1600
00:57:42,430 --> 00:57:40,559
because it's so far away talks it's a

1601
00:57:45,910 --> 00:57:42,440
little bit slower than that look at this

1602
00:57:47,270 --> 00:57:45,920
18.99 billion kilometers from earth

1603
00:57:48,710 --> 00:57:47,280
the universal is constant to the speed

1604
00:57:50,630 --> 00:57:48,720
of light it takes almost one and a half

1605
00:57:52,150 --> 00:57:50,640
days for a signal to get to and from

1606
00:57:54,230 --> 00:57:52,160
voyages so if we were to send a signal

1607
00:57:56,549 --> 00:57:54,240
to voyager right now we wouldn't get it

1608
00:57:58,309 --> 00:57:56,559
back until about 12 hours from now

1609
00:57:59,430 --> 00:57:58,319
tomorrow okay

1610
00:58:00,470 --> 00:57:59,440
but here's where it gets really

1611
00:58:02,230 --> 00:58:00,480
interesting

1612
00:58:06,150 --> 00:58:02,240
the data rate right down here somewhere

1613
00:58:07,670 --> 00:58:06,160
there it is 160 bits per second

1614
00:58:10,470 --> 00:58:07,680
okay

1615
00:58:12,150 --> 00:58:10,480
um to get a sense of scale it would take

1616
00:58:14,870 --> 00:58:12,160
what we get from kind of some of our

1617
00:58:17,430 --> 00:58:14,880
mars missions it would take voyager 1 a

1618
00:58:19,190 --> 00:58:17,440
couple of thousand years to send back

1619
00:58:20,829 --> 00:58:19,200
what kind of mro has sent back in a year

1620
00:58:23,750 --> 00:58:20,839
or so you know it's incredible data

1621
00:58:25,829 --> 00:58:23,760
rates all of this it's available online

1622
00:58:28,710 --> 00:58:25,839
at is.nasa.gov for sorry yes i used

1623
00:58:30,870 --> 00:58:28,720
master forward slash dsn it's just a web

1624
00:58:33,829 --> 00:58:30,880
page and it's agile design so it works

1625
00:58:35,030 --> 00:58:33,839
on ipads iphones uh android phones and

1626
00:58:36,390 --> 00:58:35,040
so on and so forth works across all

1627
00:58:37,670 --> 00:58:36,400
those different platforms

1628
00:58:38,870 --> 00:58:37,680
and if you've got any time i'll just

1629
00:58:40,390 --> 00:58:38,880
take if anyone got any questions about

1630
00:58:41,910 --> 00:58:40,400
either this screen right here or that

1631
00:58:43,349 --> 00:58:41,920
screen right there or how we made this

1632
00:58:49,030 --> 00:58:43,359
work i'll be happy to take a question or

1633
00:58:51,829 --> 00:58:50,710
i'm just wondering for the classroom

1634
00:58:53,990 --> 00:58:51,839
like if i want to get some of the

1635
00:58:55,510 --> 00:58:54,000
students to plot any data do you have

1636
00:58:57,349 --> 00:58:55,520
data that's available that they could

1637
00:58:58,710 --> 00:58:57,359
bring up so they could plot something

1638
00:58:59,910 --> 00:58:58,720
like an archive of it sort of thing

1639
00:59:01,510 --> 00:58:59,920
right it's something we're looking at

1640
00:59:03,030 --> 00:59:01,520
this is very much a version one and what

1641
00:59:04,950 --> 00:59:03,040
we'd like is people to be able to wind

1642
00:59:06,630 --> 00:59:04,960
back time and say what was it doing five

1643
00:59:08,710 --> 00:59:06,640
minutes ago or an hour ago or so on and

1644
00:59:10,069 --> 00:59:08,720
so forth so uh i hadn't actually with

1645
00:59:11,910 --> 00:59:10,079
our eyes on the earth tool we often get

1646
00:59:12,950 --> 00:59:11,920
questions about can i plot this data

1647
00:59:13,910 --> 00:59:12,960
over time but i hadn't thought about it

1648
00:59:15,750 --> 00:59:13,920
with the dsm that would be pretty

1649
00:59:17,510 --> 00:59:15,760
interesting plotting things like

1650
00:59:18,470 --> 00:59:17,520
frequency or round trip light time and

1651
00:59:19,829 --> 00:59:18,480
so on and so forth that'd be a pretty

1652
00:59:23,430 --> 00:59:19,839
cool thing so we'll definitely keep that

1653
00:59:26,870 --> 00:59:25,430
what does it mean when they turn green

1654
00:59:29,510 --> 00:59:26,880
is that just is that just somebody's

1655
00:59:30,870 --> 00:59:29,520
looking at the data so so this screen is

1656
00:59:32,150 --> 00:59:30,880
actually a mirror of a touch screen

1657
00:59:34,950 --> 00:59:32,160
that's in there and up in the gallery

1658
00:59:36,150 --> 00:59:34,960
where our visitors go and the green one

1659
00:59:37,910 --> 00:59:36,160
is the one that's featured on the other

1660
00:59:39,829 --> 00:59:37,920
two screens in the dark room just over

1661
00:59:41,190 --> 00:59:39,839
there so for example right now we've got

1662
00:59:42,870 --> 00:59:41,200
messenger highlighted here and if you

1663
00:59:43,990 --> 00:59:42,880
look through there the middle screen is

1664
00:59:45,349 --> 00:59:44,000
showing you the dish that's talking to

1665
00:59:46,390 --> 00:59:45,359
messenger and the screen on the right is

1666
00:59:47,910 --> 00:59:46,400
showing you where the messenger

1667
00:59:49,349 --> 00:59:47,920
spacecraft is it's now switched over to

1668
00:59:51,190 --> 00:59:49,359
the european space agency's red desert

1669
00:59:55,270 --> 00:59:51,200
spacecraft just which one is selected

1670
01:00:00,069 --> 00:59:57,190
okay thank you doug thanks so much for

1671
01:00:01,349 --> 01:00:00,079
showing us

1672
01:00:03,109 --> 01:00:01,359
that's the kind of thing i want to have

1673
01:00:04,470 --> 01:00:03,119
on my computer screen all day long just

1674
01:00:06,470 --> 01:00:04,480
up in that top corner i think it's so

1675
01:00:08,470 --> 01:00:06,480
cool uh to know what spacecraft are

1676
01:00:09,910 --> 01:00:08,480
communicating right now all right so now

1677
01:00:11,910 --> 01:00:09,920
we have a very special guest from nasa

1678
01:00:15,750 --> 01:00:11,920
headquarters joining us today this is

1679
01:00:17,750 --> 01:00:15,760
badre eunice and he is nasa's associate

1680
01:00:20,789 --> 01:00:17,760
administrator for space communications

1681
01:00:22,230 --> 01:00:20,799
and navigation and he wanted to uh greet

1682
01:00:25,910 --> 01:00:22,240
you all and and tell you a little more

1683
01:00:27,589 --> 01:00:25,920
about the dsn go ahead yeah

1684
01:00:30,069 --> 01:00:27,599
yeah it's on it's a minor correction i'm

1685
01:00:30,870 --> 01:00:30,079
a deputy associate administrator but i

1686
01:00:33,190 --> 01:00:30,880
have

1687
01:00:35,030 --> 01:00:33,200
the overall responsibility for all space

1688
01:00:38,230 --> 01:00:35,040
calm and navigations

1689
01:00:39,430 --> 01:00:38,240
um behind all of what you have seen are

1690
01:00:41,349 --> 01:00:39,440
people

1691
01:00:44,470 --> 01:00:41,359
dedicated team

1692
01:00:47,190 --> 01:00:44,480
of technicians engineers scientists who

1693
01:00:48,069 --> 01:00:47,200
made all all this possible

1694
01:00:49,349 --> 01:00:48,079
you know

1695
01:00:51,670 --> 01:00:49,359
what

1696
01:00:54,710 --> 01:00:51,680
they've done is enabling science to take

1697
01:00:57,829 --> 01:00:54,720
place exploration to proceed

1698
01:01:00,710 --> 01:00:57,839
return the kind of data from all of our

1699
01:01:02,789 --> 01:01:00,720
planets in our solar systems

1700
01:01:05,030 --> 01:01:02,799
and with our radar capability we're able

1701
01:01:08,390 --> 01:01:05,040
to image most of them

1702
01:01:10,870 --> 01:01:08,400
we have a super duper team here at jpl

1703
01:01:12,950 --> 01:01:10,880
and we are very proud of them so this

1704
01:01:14,630 --> 01:01:12,960
50th anniversary is a celebration of

1705
01:01:17,190 --> 01:01:14,640
their achievement

1706
01:01:20,069 --> 01:01:17,200
it's a something to be proud of not only

1707
01:01:21,589 --> 01:01:20,079
from a nasa perspective from uh from a

1708
01:01:23,990 --> 01:01:21,599
nation perspective

1709
01:01:26,630 --> 01:01:24,000
the united states ought to be proud of

1710
01:01:28,549 --> 01:01:26,640
their dedication and their achievement

1711
01:01:30,870 --> 01:01:28,559
and we have a lot

1712
01:01:33,349 --> 01:01:30,880
to look forward to we are celebrating

1713
01:01:34,789 --> 01:01:33,359
the past 50 years but the next 50 years

1714
01:01:37,430 --> 01:01:34,799
hopefully

1715
01:01:39,589 --> 01:01:37,440
will be much better

1716
01:01:42,470 --> 01:01:39,599
there was a question do you remember

1717
01:01:45,270 --> 01:01:42,480
where uh where were you when the msl

1718
01:01:46,789 --> 01:01:45,280
landed on on mars

1719
01:01:49,990 --> 01:01:46,799
do you remember these pictures that

1720
01:01:53,109 --> 01:01:50,000
you've seen you know streaming down

1721
01:01:54,789 --> 01:01:53,119
what was missing

1722
01:01:57,430 --> 01:01:54,799
streaming video

1723
01:01:59,430 --> 01:01:57,440
we want real high definition

1724
01:02:02,230 --> 01:01:59,440
signals to be coming down from mars to

1725
01:02:05,750 --> 01:02:02,240
see it the way we are used to like now

1726
01:02:06,710 --> 01:02:05,760
in our day to day high definition tv and

1727
01:02:08,390 --> 01:02:06,720
high

1728
01:02:11,750 --> 01:02:08,400
definition everything

1729
01:02:13,430 --> 01:02:11,760
our appetite for data eight has grown

1730
01:02:16,549 --> 01:02:13,440
tremendously

1731
01:02:19,430 --> 01:02:16,559
uh and the same for nasa you know our

1732
01:02:21,349 --> 01:02:19,440
scientists want the high data rate want

1733
01:02:23,750 --> 01:02:21,359
better capabilities

1734
01:02:25,029 --> 01:02:23,760
most of our sensors

1735
01:02:26,789 --> 01:02:25,039
and

1736
01:02:29,829 --> 01:02:26,799
payload that we put on spacecraft they

1737
01:02:32,950 --> 01:02:29,839
are taking more and more bandwidth

1738
01:02:34,549 --> 01:02:32,960
the radio frequency especially now the

1739
01:02:36,470 --> 01:02:34,559
portion of it that we use is in

1740
01:02:40,630 --> 01:02:36,480
contention

1741
01:02:42,789 --> 01:02:40,640
you know like the seller phone that you

1742
01:02:44,549 --> 01:02:42,799
have these they do use

1743
01:02:46,710 --> 01:02:44,559
portion of the spectrum

1744
01:02:49,190 --> 01:02:46,720
so we made the decision

1745
01:02:51,270 --> 01:02:49,200
to go up in frequency

1746
01:02:52,630 --> 01:02:51,280
and going up in frequency we had to look

1747
01:02:54,230 --> 01:02:52,640
at the architecture of our

1748
01:02:57,349 --> 01:02:54,240
infrastructure

1749
01:02:59,750 --> 01:02:57,359
and we've decided that the 70 meters

1750
01:03:01,589 --> 01:02:59,760
served us for a long time they are not

1751
01:03:04,069 --> 01:03:01,599
suitable to support users at high

1752
01:03:05,750 --> 01:03:04,079
frequencies so we are trying to build

1753
01:03:08,150 --> 01:03:05,760
equivalent

1754
01:03:10,390 --> 01:03:08,160
you know set of antennas

1755
01:03:12,390 --> 01:03:10,400
that are comparable in terms of

1756
01:03:13,430 --> 01:03:12,400
performance in meeting the

1757
01:03:17,029 --> 01:03:13,440
present

1758
01:03:19,430 --> 01:03:17,039
commitment to our customers but

1759
01:03:21,430 --> 01:03:19,440
allow us to go higher up in frequency

1760
01:03:22,870 --> 01:03:21,440
and support a new generation

1761
01:03:25,109 --> 01:03:22,880
of missions

1762
01:03:26,630 --> 01:03:25,119
and this is ongoing

1763
01:03:29,750 --> 01:03:26,640
this uh

1764
01:03:33,109 --> 01:03:29,760
this september we are going to celebrate

1765
01:03:34,630 --> 01:03:33,119
uh the uh introduction to operation of

1766
01:03:35,589 --> 01:03:34,640
one of the first antennas we are

1767
01:03:37,750 --> 01:03:35,599
building

1768
01:03:40,390 --> 01:03:37,760
we are also forging ahead

1769
01:03:42,630 --> 01:03:40,400
with optical communications

1770
01:03:44,950 --> 01:03:42,640
you know communicating through light

1771
01:03:47,190 --> 01:03:44,960
we at nasa have seen the light

1772
01:03:48,950 --> 01:03:47,200
and the light is wonderful you know just

1773
01:03:49,990 --> 01:03:48,960
it allows you to do so many wonderful

1774
01:03:51,349 --> 01:03:50,000
things

1775
01:03:59,510 --> 01:03:51,359
and

1776
01:04:01,109 --> 01:03:59,520
infinite compared to what we have today

1777
01:04:04,390 --> 01:04:01,119
so we are

1778
01:04:06,549 --> 01:04:04,400
we started by building the technology

1779
01:04:08,789 --> 01:04:06,559
and we recently demo uh demo this

1780
01:04:11,349 --> 01:04:08,799
technology we had a payload

1781
01:04:14,549 --> 01:04:11,359
on board the mission to the to the moon

1782
01:04:16,390 --> 01:04:14,559
you all heard about lady and the lrcd

1783
01:04:18,069 --> 01:04:16,400
and the support we provided from the

1784
01:04:21,270 --> 01:04:18,079
moon down to earth

1785
01:04:24,870 --> 01:04:21,280
622 megabit per second

1786
01:04:26,390 --> 01:04:24,880
you know at a distance 10 times that of

1787
01:04:29,190 --> 01:04:26,400
you know the distance from here to a

1788
01:04:31,029 --> 01:04:29,200
geosynchronous satellite so if you

1789
01:04:34,230 --> 01:04:31,039
translate that into

1790
01:04:35,510 --> 01:04:34,240
you know the distance into a data rate

1791
01:04:37,829 --> 01:04:35,520
uh

1792
01:04:40,390 --> 01:04:37,839
mapping you'll be able to get

1793
01:04:42,390 --> 01:04:40,400
tens of gigabits per second from a

1794
01:04:44,390 --> 01:04:42,400
geosynchronous orbit

1795
01:04:47,430 --> 01:04:44,400
from a deep space we are looking at

1796
01:04:49,109 --> 01:04:47,440
building much wider aperture because as

1797
01:04:50,309 --> 01:04:49,119
you go further

1798
01:04:52,470 --> 01:04:50,319
you know

1799
01:04:54,630 --> 01:04:52,480
you need a bigger and bigger ear or

1800
01:04:56,230 --> 01:04:54,640
bigger eye to see the light

1801
01:04:57,990 --> 01:04:56,240
and that's what we are working working

1802
01:05:00,950 --> 01:04:58,000
on much bigger

1803
01:05:03,510 --> 01:05:00,960
telescopes that will allow us to support

1804
01:05:05,109 --> 01:05:03,520
deep space missions in addition to that

1805
01:05:08,230 --> 01:05:05,119
because of the competence of the

1806
01:05:10,390 --> 01:05:08,240
technical team that we have in here we

1807
01:05:13,829 --> 01:05:10,400
have entrusted jpl

1808
01:05:17,430 --> 01:05:13,839
to build our future integrated network

1809
01:05:19,430 --> 01:05:17,440
the dsn is one single network among many

1810
01:05:22,549 --> 01:05:19,440
we have the nearest network

1811
01:05:24,549 --> 01:05:22,559
the data relay satellite network and all

1812
01:05:25,510 --> 01:05:24,559
together we support over 100 missions a

1813
01:05:28,470 --> 01:05:25,520
day

1814
01:05:30,470 --> 01:05:28,480
we transmit through our system a tera

1815
01:05:32,069 --> 01:05:30,480
byte every day there are actually

1816
01:05:34,230 --> 01:05:32,079
hundreds of terabytes

1817
01:05:36,630 --> 01:05:34,240
you know an entire library of congress

1818
01:05:37,589 --> 01:05:36,640
on a daily basis so we manage a lot of

1819
01:05:39,589 --> 01:05:37,599
data

1820
01:05:42,230 --> 01:05:39,599
but because of the technical competence

1821
01:05:44,630 --> 01:05:42,240
and competence we have in here and

1822
01:05:46,789 --> 01:05:44,640
much of the changes will occur is

1823
01:05:49,029 --> 01:05:46,799
you know in the dsn

1824
01:05:51,750 --> 01:05:49,039
hardware and software so they have been

1825
01:05:53,270 --> 01:05:51,760
entrusted to lead the nasa team toward a

1826
01:05:54,309 --> 01:05:53,280
fully integrated network that will

1827
01:05:55,270 --> 01:05:54,319
provide

1828
01:05:57,190 --> 01:05:55,280
you know

1829
01:05:59,910 --> 01:05:57,200
at least two order magnitude better

1830
01:06:02,390 --> 01:05:59,920
performance that we have today

1831
01:06:04,950 --> 01:06:02,400
i don't know how many uh met with me in

1832
01:06:06,549 --> 01:06:04,960
the past in a similar setting and i

1833
01:06:10,789 --> 01:06:06,559
promised we'll have

1834
01:06:13,829 --> 01:06:10,799
streaming video from march by 2025.

1835
01:06:15,349 --> 01:06:13,839
i still mean it i intend to do it

1836
01:06:17,670 --> 01:06:15,359
and definitely with the dedication of

1837
01:06:20,150 --> 01:06:17,680
the team here at jpl we realize that

1838
01:06:21,190 --> 01:06:20,160
pretty soon even sooner than 2025 that's

1839
01:06:22,950 --> 01:06:21,200
a promise

1840
01:06:25,670 --> 01:06:22,960
that's great and i'm hoping for any

1841
01:06:26,549 --> 01:06:25,680
questions that you may have

1842
01:06:29,109 --> 01:06:26,559
go ahead

1843
01:06:32,950 --> 01:06:29,119
let me hand you a microphone alice can

1844
01:06:35,589 --> 01:06:32,960
you get there fast yeah we'll toss them

1845
01:06:39,829 --> 01:06:35,599
um let's see i was wondering if um you

1846
01:06:44,470 --> 01:06:41,750
antenna is not suitable for the higher

1847
01:06:45,430 --> 01:06:44,480
frequencies oh why is that yeah as you

1848
01:06:48,150 --> 01:06:45,440
see

1849
01:06:50,309 --> 01:06:48,160
as you go up in frequency the

1850
01:06:52,069 --> 01:06:50,319
wavelengths start to get smaller and

1851
01:06:52,870 --> 01:06:52,079
smaller and smaller

1852
01:06:54,950 --> 01:06:52,880
then

1853
01:06:57,270 --> 01:06:54,960
the panels the lining of the panel on

1854
01:06:59,990 --> 01:06:57,280
the surface of the antenna if they are

1855
01:07:02,470 --> 01:07:00,000
not lined perfectly it can eat up from

1856
01:07:05,190 --> 01:07:02,480
the efficiency of the antenna so the

1857
01:07:07,990 --> 01:07:05,200
antenna can become less efficient

1858
01:07:10,309 --> 01:07:08,000
at high frequency especially with big

1859
01:07:13,190 --> 01:07:10,319
mechanical structures subject to you

1860
01:07:15,750 --> 01:07:13,200
know a higher wind wind load and was

1861
01:07:19,029 --> 01:07:15,760
designed early on you know that the

1862
01:07:21,829 --> 01:07:19,039
metal has started to show some fatigue

1863
01:07:24,630 --> 01:07:21,839
and it's not you know in a robust state

1864
01:07:25,349 --> 01:07:24,640
as when it was first introduced

1865
01:07:27,270 --> 01:07:25,359
uh

1866
01:07:29,190 --> 01:07:27,280
you know additionally we made a lot of

1867
01:07:30,789 --> 01:07:29,200
progress in iran

1868
01:07:34,150 --> 01:07:30,799
technology we can take a bunch of

1869
01:07:36,549 --> 01:07:34,160
smaller antennas and array them together

1870
01:07:37,670 --> 01:07:36,559
and in a way we resolve

1871
01:07:41,109 --> 01:07:37,680
the phase

1872
01:07:43,589 --> 01:07:41,119
between

1873
01:07:45,829 --> 01:07:43,599
the various antennas such that when we

1874
01:07:47,829 --> 01:07:45,839
put the you know collect the signal from

1875
01:07:49,829 --> 01:07:47,839
all of them will have a coherent

1876
01:07:51,750 --> 01:07:49,839
you know uh signal

1877
01:07:53,349 --> 01:07:51,760
thank you all right thank you so much

1878
01:07:55,829 --> 01:07:53,359
for coming in today i know you'll be out

1879
01:07:57,670 --> 01:07:55,839
at goldstone tomorrow by the way

1880
01:08:00,230 --> 01:07:57,680
tomorrow is going to be a wonderful day

1881
01:08:03,270 --> 01:08:00,240
we arranged it for you you know wayne

1882
01:08:04,390 --> 01:08:03,280
assures me and we have confirmation from

1883
01:08:07,029 --> 01:08:04,400
the weather

1884
01:08:09,109 --> 01:08:07,039
you know a person that tomorrow is going

1885
01:08:11,349 --> 01:08:09,119
to be a wonderful day and you are going

1886
01:08:13,589 --> 01:08:11,359
to enjoy you know talking about it is

1887
01:08:15,670 --> 01:08:13,599
different you know seeing is believing

1888
01:08:17,269 --> 01:08:15,680
you are going to see the 70 meter you

1889
01:08:19,749 --> 01:08:17,279
are going to see some of these engine

1890
01:08:21,749 --> 01:08:19,759
engineers running around doing some of

1891
01:08:23,749 --> 01:08:21,759
what they do best and these are the

1892
01:08:25,749 --> 01:08:23,759
people who are behind the curtain you

1893
01:08:26,950 --> 01:08:25,759
know when the msl landed

1894
01:08:28,630 --> 01:08:26,960
they were the first to know but they

1895
01:08:30,789 --> 01:08:28,640
were not authorized to the to make that

1896
01:08:34,070 --> 01:08:30,799
declaration

1897
01:08:35,829 --> 01:08:34,080
you know we but the navigators and the

1898
01:08:37,669 --> 01:08:35,839
calm people in here

1899
01:08:39,590 --> 01:08:37,679
are the kind of people that we ought all

1900
01:08:43,269 --> 01:08:39,600
to be proud of

1901
01:08:44,070 --> 01:08:43,279
and give them their recognition you know

1902
01:08:47,430 --> 01:08:44,080
very

1903
01:08:49,829 --> 01:08:47,440
londo or you know

1904
01:08:51,669 --> 01:08:49,839
recognition for all of the work they do

1905
01:08:53,349 --> 01:08:51,679
they are an enabling entity within the

1906
01:08:55,189 --> 01:08:53,359
agency without which

1907
01:08:57,349 --> 01:08:55,199
none of the discoveries none of this

1908
01:08:59,110 --> 01:08:57,359
science could have taken place

1909
01:09:03,110 --> 01:08:59,120
absolutely

1910
01:09:07,269 --> 01:09:04,870
that's so true they do they really do

1911
01:09:09,110 --> 01:09:07,279
work completely behind the scenes uh so

1912
01:09:10,470 --> 01:09:09,120
now um we're gonna have our final panel

1913
01:09:12,470 --> 01:09:10,480
for the day and and you've heard from

1914
01:09:13,910 --> 01:09:12,480
the engineers about how crucial it is

1915
01:09:15,590 --> 01:09:13,920
for the deep space network for them to

1916
01:09:17,430 --> 01:09:15,600
know where their spacecraft is and if

1917
01:09:18,550 --> 01:09:17,440
they're landing safely and now we want

1918
01:09:20,470 --> 01:09:18,560
to introduce you to some of the

1919
01:09:22,550 --> 01:09:20,480
scientists that then sit back and wait

1920
01:09:24,630 --> 01:09:22,560
for their science data and images to

1921
01:09:26,550 --> 01:09:24,640
come back to earth and how they use

1922
01:09:29,269 --> 01:09:26,560
those and so joining us

1923
01:09:31,990 --> 01:09:29,279
we have ashwin vasavada he is the deputy

1924
01:09:35,349 --> 01:09:32,000
project scientist for curiosity

1925
01:09:36,550 --> 01:09:35,359
and that's fine marina brasovich marina

1926
01:09:39,349 --> 01:09:36,560
is a

1927
01:09:42,149 --> 01:09:39,359
scientist with our near uh earth objects

1928
01:09:43,510 --> 01:09:42,159
office and uh uses the dsn to study

1929
01:09:45,510 --> 01:09:43,520
asteroids

1930
01:09:46,950 --> 01:09:45,520
and linda spelker who is the project

1931
01:09:50,149 --> 01:09:46,960
scientist for the cassini mission which

1932
01:09:57,350 --> 01:09:50,159
has been orbiting saturn since 2004 and

1933
01:10:00,950 --> 01:09:59,430
take it away all right excellent hey

1934
01:10:02,790 --> 01:10:00,960
how's everybody doing

1935
01:10:05,110 --> 01:10:02,800
all right you can talk to scientists but

1936
01:10:06,950 --> 01:10:05,120
we're not going to bore you i promise

1937
01:10:08,470 --> 01:10:06,960
we got great stuff to talk to you about

1938
01:10:09,750 --> 01:10:08,480
especially how it's all been enabled by

1939
01:10:10,870 --> 01:10:09,760
the dsn

1940
01:10:12,950 --> 01:10:10,880
i've been

1941
01:10:14,709 --> 01:10:12,960
a planetary scientist for um i don't

1942
01:10:16,950 --> 01:10:14,719
know about 20 years now and 10 years of

1943
01:10:19,590 --> 01:10:16,960
that has all been on curiosity it's been

1944
01:10:21,030 --> 01:10:19,600
a long road uh but it's paid off

1945
01:10:23,430 --> 01:10:21,040
immensely and we'll talk about some of

1946
01:10:24,709 --> 01:10:23,440
that um i think i was thinking about

1947
01:10:27,030 --> 01:10:24,719
what you know what i could share about

1948
01:10:28,950 --> 01:10:27,040
the dsm i think there was two moments

1949
01:10:30,870 --> 01:10:28,960
in my life

1950
01:10:32,390 --> 01:10:30,880
in planetary science that i really felt

1951
01:10:33,830 --> 01:10:32,400
like i was exploring

1952
01:10:35,590 --> 01:10:33,840
deep space

1953
01:10:37,830 --> 01:10:35,600
you know a lot of what i do is staring

1954
01:10:39,110 --> 01:10:37,840
at a computer and i see pictures come up

1955
01:10:40,630 --> 01:10:39,120
and it can feel you can kind of get

1956
01:10:42,310 --> 01:10:40,640
disconnected you forget that you're

1957
01:10:44,390 --> 01:10:42,320
actually doing something on another

1958
01:10:46,550 --> 01:10:44,400
planet and one of those experiences was

1959
01:10:48,229 --> 01:10:46,560
the launch of curiosity i know it's like

1960
01:10:50,149 --> 01:10:48,239
sacrilegious but the landing wasn't my

1961
01:10:51,750 --> 01:10:50,159
favorite part it was actually the launch

1962
01:10:53,350 --> 01:10:51,760
and i was standing there in florida

1963
01:10:55,189 --> 01:10:53,360
watching this rocket go up and hearing

1964
01:10:57,430 --> 01:10:55,199
the noise and seeing this huge you know

1965
01:10:59,110 --> 01:10:57,440
multi-story thing go up and thinking

1966
01:11:00,709 --> 01:10:59,120
okay you know we are actually human

1967
01:11:02,070 --> 01:11:00,719
beings just throwing something off of

1968
01:11:04,149 --> 01:11:02,080
our planet to another planet and it

1969
01:11:05,750 --> 01:11:04,159
takes that much energy to do that and

1970
01:11:08,149 --> 01:11:05,760
that much force and it was it was an

1971
01:11:10,310 --> 01:11:08,159
amazing kind of visceral moment

1972
01:11:12,470 --> 01:11:10,320
the other time was um really early when

1973
01:11:13,590 --> 01:11:12,480
i was in grad school and i went on a

1974
01:11:15,270 --> 01:11:13,600
field trip just like the one you're

1975
01:11:17,830 --> 01:11:15,280
going to go on tomorrow and got to stick

1976
01:11:20,310 --> 01:11:17,840
my head up into the 70 meter dish and

1977
01:11:22,310 --> 01:11:20,320
see what it takes to just even

1978
01:11:24,709 --> 01:11:22,320
send little ones and zeros to something

1979
01:11:26,550 --> 01:11:24,719
so far away and to think that you know

1980
01:11:28,229 --> 01:11:26,560
robots out there you know hundreds of

1981
01:11:30,709 --> 01:11:28,239
millions of miles away are receiving our

1982
01:11:32,709 --> 01:11:30,719
signals from earth that also was just a

1983
01:11:34,470 --> 01:11:32,719
mind-blowing moment to think wow we're

1984
01:11:36,550 --> 01:11:34,480
doing something pretty amazing and all

1985
01:11:38,550 --> 01:11:36,560
enabled by the dsn

1986
01:11:41,350 --> 01:11:38,560
um i'll show you one

1987
01:11:43,350 --> 01:11:41,360
picture which uh choosing of the

1988
01:11:45,990 --> 01:11:43,360
thousands and thousands of pictures that

1989
01:11:47,189 --> 01:11:46,000
we've gotten back from curiosity

1990
01:11:49,990 --> 01:11:47,199
turn your attention to this one over

1991
01:11:51,910 --> 01:11:50,000
here this was just from last week we

1992
01:11:54,390 --> 01:11:51,920
rolled up to a site called the kimberly

1993
01:11:56,550 --> 01:11:54,400
which is named after a geological region

1994
01:11:58,470 --> 01:11:56,560
in northern australia we tend to name

1995
01:11:59,990 --> 01:11:58,480
all of our sites on curiosity after

1996
01:12:02,709 --> 01:12:00,000
famous geological

1997
01:12:04,390 --> 01:12:02,719
formations on earth this site like we've

1998
01:12:07,910 --> 01:12:04,400
been finding all over the crater floor

1999
01:12:10,630 --> 01:12:07,920
around mount sharp is a place where a

2000
01:12:12,550 --> 01:12:10,640
river once flowed and water pooled maybe

2001
01:12:14,870 --> 01:12:12,560
in lakes or maybe a whole series of

2002
01:12:16,790 --> 01:12:14,880
lakes laying down what you see here is

2003
01:12:18,870 --> 01:12:16,800
finely bedded sandstones these

2004
01:12:21,110 --> 01:12:18,880
sandstones have grain sizes that are are

2005
01:12:23,590 --> 01:12:21,120
like beach sand and then all the way up

2006
01:12:25,669 --> 01:12:23,600
to things like pebbles and gravel

2007
01:12:27,750 --> 01:12:25,679
and that tends to mean that water flowed

2008
01:12:29,990 --> 01:12:27,760
at different rates um slower water

2009
01:12:32,470 --> 01:12:30,000
carrying the smaller particles more fast

2010
01:12:33,669 --> 01:12:32,480
water carrying the the gravel and things

2011
01:12:35,990 --> 01:12:33,679
have kind of come and gone maybe

2012
01:12:37,910 --> 01:12:36,000
shorelines have come and gone maybe uh

2013
01:12:40,470 --> 01:12:37,920
rivers emptied out into lakes that that

2014
01:12:42,470 --> 01:12:40,480
came and went and it's just amazing to

2015
01:12:44,229 --> 01:12:42,480
think that a few billion years ago mars

2016
01:12:46,229 --> 01:12:44,239
was so earth-like and that's what we're

2017
01:12:49,750 --> 01:12:46,239
really finding about uh with with

2018
01:12:51,910 --> 01:12:49,760
curiosity that uh this planet uh was a

2019
01:12:54,630 --> 01:12:51,920
place where rain probably fell from the

2020
01:12:57,110 --> 01:12:54,640
sky and and streams formed rivers and

2021
01:12:59,030 --> 01:12:57,120
rivers carried sand deposited them into

2022
01:13:00,390 --> 01:12:59,040
lakes all around this gorgeous mountain

2023
01:13:01,189 --> 01:13:00,400
that will be climbing in the next couple

2024
01:13:03,990 --> 01:13:01,199
years

2025
01:13:05,910 --> 01:13:04,000
so with that i'll turn it over to marina

2026
01:13:08,390 --> 01:13:05,920
thanks

2027
01:13:11,270 --> 01:13:08,400
hi everybody so um i'll be talking a

2028
01:13:13,910 --> 01:13:11,280
little bit how we use a dsn 70 meter

2029
01:13:17,030 --> 01:13:13,920
antenna so uh probably not many of you

2030
01:13:18,310 --> 01:13:17,040
know that 70 meter antenna the ss14

2031
01:13:20,229 --> 01:13:18,320
actually is equipped with a very

2032
01:13:21,910 --> 01:13:20,239
powerful transmitter it has a half a

2033
01:13:24,229 --> 01:13:21,920
megawatt transmitter

2034
01:13:26,709 --> 01:13:24,239
and it is the second it's world's second

2035
01:13:29,510 --> 01:13:26,719
most powerful radar right after our sibo

2036
01:13:32,550 --> 01:13:29,520
in puerto rico and what we use for we

2037
01:13:35,189 --> 01:13:32,560
use dss-14 to ping asteroids

2038
01:13:37,189 --> 01:13:35,199
and to learn about their exact locations

2039
01:13:39,669 --> 01:13:37,199
and line of sight velocities and that

2040
01:13:42,149 --> 01:13:39,679
allows us to calculate their orbits much

2041
01:13:43,990 --> 01:13:42,159
more precisely and then we also use it

2042
01:13:45,830 --> 01:13:44,000
to image asteroids

2043
01:13:49,350 --> 01:13:45,840
at dss14 we

2044
01:13:50,229 --> 01:13:49,360
observe about 25 to 30 asteroids every

2045
01:13:52,310 --> 01:13:50,239
year

2046
01:13:53,830 --> 01:13:52,320
and in some instances some of these

2047
01:13:55,189 --> 01:13:53,840
asteroids end up being really strong

2048
01:13:58,550 --> 01:13:55,199
radar targets

2049
01:14:00,630 --> 01:13:58,560
and the images that we get from them are

2050
01:14:03,590 --> 01:14:00,640
such a high quality that it can only be

2051
01:14:05,189 --> 01:14:03,600
compared to spacecraft flyby

2052
01:14:07,350 --> 01:14:05,199
so what i'm going to show you now is

2053
01:14:09,350 --> 01:14:07,360
example of something that we consider

2054
01:14:11,750 --> 01:14:09,360
spacecraft flyby and that is asteroid to

2055
01:14:13,590 --> 01:14:11,760
titus uh if we can have the video please

2056
01:14:14,870 --> 01:14:13,600
so this is what this is the asteroid

2057
01:14:17,590 --> 01:14:14,880
that we imaged

2058
01:14:19,350 --> 01:14:17,600
in december of 2012

2059
01:14:21,430 --> 01:14:19,360
uh these are radar images you'll notice

2060
01:14:23,669 --> 01:14:21,440
these are very different from the images

2061
01:14:26,149 --> 01:14:23,679
that you would take with your camera

2062
01:14:27,830 --> 01:14:26,159
because what what so radar images where

2063
01:14:29,669 --> 01:14:27,840
they're displaying on vertical axis

2064
01:14:32,470 --> 01:14:29,679
they're displaying the distance from the

2065
01:14:34,310 --> 01:14:32,480
radar so this is the depth if you will

2066
01:14:36,950 --> 01:14:34,320
and then on the horizontal axis what

2067
01:14:39,669 --> 01:14:36,960
you're seeing is how fast the parts of

2068
01:14:41,910 --> 01:14:39,679
the asteroid are moving toward the radar

2069
01:14:44,229 --> 01:14:41,920
away from radar and i know this is not

2070
01:14:46,149 --> 01:14:44,239
very intuitive but still if you look at

2071
01:14:48,070 --> 01:14:46,159
these videos

2072
01:14:50,470 --> 01:14:48,080
you know some things are obvious so

2073
01:14:52,229 --> 01:14:50,480
these two videos are taken these two

2074
01:14:54,310 --> 01:14:52,239
they are taken on two different days

2075
01:14:56,149 --> 01:14:54,320
that's why the radar echoes looks look

2076
01:14:59,110 --> 01:14:56,159
so different because the asteroid is

2077
01:15:01,350 --> 01:14:59,120
rotated is oriented differently in space

2078
01:15:04,310 --> 01:15:01,360
with respect to radar on the two days

2079
01:15:05,830 --> 01:15:04,320
and another obvious thing is that

2080
01:15:07,750 --> 01:15:05,840
when you image it with a radar for a

2081
01:15:09,750 --> 01:15:07,760
couple of hours you see it's rotating

2082
01:15:11,830 --> 01:15:09,760
the asteroid is actually rotating in

2083
01:15:12,870 --> 01:15:11,840
front of your eyes

2084
01:15:15,189 --> 01:15:12,880
and

2085
01:15:17,510 --> 01:15:15,199
the resolution the pixel vertical pixel

2086
01:15:18,310 --> 01:15:17,520
resolution on these images is only 12

2087
01:15:20,070 --> 01:15:18,320
feet

2088
01:15:23,270 --> 01:15:20,080
which is really impressive considering

2089
01:15:25,990 --> 01:15:23,280
this asteroid is 4.3 million miles away

2090
01:15:28,630 --> 01:15:26,000
from us and we are imaging it down to 12

2091
01:15:30,470 --> 01:15:28,640
feet and what this resolution is really

2092
01:15:32,149 --> 01:15:30,480
allowing you is you even see the

2093
01:15:34,310 --> 01:15:32,159
boulders that are lying on the surface

2094
01:15:36,870 --> 01:15:34,320
of asteroid and those little bright

2095
01:15:39,110 --> 01:15:36,880
specks that know to come in in you can

2096
01:15:41,189 --> 01:15:39,120
see them as the asteroid is rotating and

2097
01:15:43,430 --> 01:15:41,199
they persist those are actually the

2098
01:15:46,550 --> 01:15:43,440
boulders on the surface of asteroid that

2099
01:15:48,470 --> 01:15:46,560
is 4.3 million miles away

2100
01:15:51,030 --> 01:15:48,480
what we ultimately do with images like

2101
01:15:52,550 --> 01:15:51,040
this is we reconstructed how the object

2102
01:15:54,390 --> 01:15:52,560
how the asteroid really looks in

2103
01:15:57,030 --> 01:15:54,400
three-dimensional space

2104
01:15:59,270 --> 01:15:57,040
so uh we also reconstruct how it rotates

2105
01:16:01,510 --> 01:15:59,280
and this asteroid to tardis i'm showing

2106
01:16:04,149 --> 01:16:01,520
you here this is reconstruction of its

2107
01:16:05,990 --> 01:16:04,159
three-dimensional uh shape based on

2108
01:16:07,830 --> 01:16:06,000
radar images that we're taking actually

2109
01:16:10,229 --> 01:16:07,840
prior they're all these are older based

2110
01:16:13,870 --> 01:16:10,239
on all the radar data but it is very

2111
01:16:15,990 --> 01:16:13,880
very unusual asteroid um this is about

2112
01:16:17,350 --> 01:16:16,000
2.9 miles

2113
01:16:19,590 --> 01:16:17,360
long

2114
01:16:22,310 --> 01:16:19,600
it has this regular shape it looks like

2115
01:16:23,430 --> 01:16:22,320
these kind of two pieces in contact this

2116
01:16:25,110 --> 01:16:23,440
is something that we actually call

2117
01:16:27,350 --> 01:16:25,120
contact binaries

2118
01:16:30,310 --> 01:16:27,360
and even its rotation state is kind of

2119
01:16:33,510 --> 01:16:30,320
unusual because it it kind of rotates

2120
01:16:36,149 --> 01:16:33,520
like a poorly thrown football so it's

2121
01:16:38,310 --> 01:16:36,159
it's rotation around long axis is 5.4

2122
01:16:40,390 --> 01:16:38,320
days and at the same time it's executing

2123
01:16:42,070 --> 01:16:40,400
this precession with seven four in four

2124
01:16:44,470 --> 01:16:42,080
days so it kind of is it's really

2125
01:16:46,550 --> 01:16:44,480
tumbling it's tumbling through space

2126
01:16:48,310 --> 01:16:46,560
and this is not the

2127
01:16:50,070 --> 01:16:48,320
this is not the only one that we have

2128
01:16:52,550 --> 01:16:50,080
you know shape models of these are some

2129
01:16:54,790 --> 01:16:52,560
other examples you know for asteroids

2130
01:16:56,870 --> 01:16:54,800
that um we reconstructed their shape

2131
01:16:59,750 --> 01:16:56,880
based on the radar data so there is a

2132
01:17:01,910 --> 01:16:59,760
binary kw-4 there is this regularly

2133
01:17:05,270 --> 01:17:01,920
shaped asteroid called europe there's

2134
01:17:07,590 --> 01:17:05,280
another contact binary hw1 and then

2135
01:17:10,630 --> 01:17:07,600
there is the nereus as you can see this

2136
01:17:13,189 --> 01:17:10,640
is a we really see tremendous diversity

2137
01:17:16,630 --> 01:17:13,199
in near-earth asteroids among near-earth

2138
01:17:18,950 --> 01:17:16,640
asteroids every time we observe uh we

2139
01:17:20,950 --> 01:17:18,960
really are going in a completely kind of

2140
01:17:22,870 --> 01:17:20,960
we we usually know very little about

2141
01:17:24,470 --> 01:17:22,880
asteroid we'll be observing

2142
01:17:25,990 --> 01:17:24,480
and um

2143
01:17:28,470 --> 01:17:26,000
we you never know what you're going to

2144
01:17:31,430 --> 01:17:28,480
see and and the best thing in a life of

2145
01:17:33,990 --> 01:17:31,440
scientists is to be you know surprised

2146
01:17:36,149 --> 01:17:34,000
and we never cease to find you know we

2147
01:17:38,229 --> 01:17:36,159
always end up being surprised

2148
01:17:40,149 --> 01:17:38,239
because there is so much more things to

2149
01:17:43,030 --> 01:17:40,159
discover

2150
01:17:44,950 --> 01:17:43,040
so um thank you

2151
01:17:47,590 --> 01:17:44,960
okay i'm linda spilker and i've been

2152
01:17:48,550 --> 01:17:47,600
fortunate enough to work at jpl for 37

2153
01:17:50,470 --> 01:17:48,560
years

2154
01:17:52,790 --> 01:17:50,480
and that spans from just before the

2155
01:17:54,310 --> 01:17:52,800
launch of voyager through the cassini

2156
01:17:56,709 --> 01:17:54,320
mission and so i'm going to talk a

2157
01:17:58,070 --> 01:17:56,719
little bit about both of those missions

2158
01:18:00,630 --> 01:17:58,080
if you think about it voyager was

2159
01:18:02,870 --> 01:18:00,640
launched about 36 years ago two voyager

2160
01:18:05,030 --> 01:18:02,880
spacecraft and that's about three

2161
01:18:07,030 --> 01:18:05,040
quarters of this 50th anniversary we're

2162
01:18:08,790 --> 01:18:07,040
celebrating with the dsn

2163
01:18:10,229 --> 01:18:08,800
so the dsn has been listening to voyager

2164
01:18:12,630 --> 01:18:10,239
for a long time

2165
01:18:15,270 --> 01:18:12,640
there have been great flybys of jupiter

2166
01:18:17,830 --> 01:18:15,280
saturn uranus and neptune and their

2167
01:18:19,990 --> 01:18:17,840
incredible moons and rings and for me a

2168
01:18:22,149 --> 01:18:20,000
really exciting moment in just watching

2169
01:18:24,310 --> 01:18:22,159
those pictures come back from voyager

2170
01:18:28,310 --> 01:18:24,320
was actually realizing that there were

2171
01:18:31,189 --> 01:18:28,320
volcanoes on jupiter's moon io volcanoes

2172
01:18:33,510 --> 01:18:31,199
going off as we were watching those data

2173
01:18:35,430 --> 01:18:33,520
and just incredible what those ones and

2174
01:18:37,990 --> 01:18:35,440
zeroes can turn into

2175
01:18:40,630 --> 01:18:38,000
these very beautiful color images and it

2176
01:18:44,310 --> 01:18:40,640
turns out that voyager 1 in august of

2177
01:18:46,790 --> 01:18:44,320
2012 if we bring up the first video here

2178
01:18:48,390 --> 01:18:46,800
actually left our solar system and is in

2179
01:18:50,149 --> 01:18:48,400
interstellar space

2180
01:18:51,830 --> 01:18:50,159
here are the sounds first just before

2181
01:18:54,229 --> 01:18:51,840
interstellar space

2182
01:18:57,430 --> 01:18:54,239
the frequency goes up as the plasma

2183
01:18:58,790 --> 01:18:57,440
density increases until you hear a very

2184
01:19:00,790 --> 01:18:58,800
high tone

2185
01:19:03,590 --> 01:19:00,800
you're hearing what the wind between the

2186
01:19:05,750 --> 01:19:03,600
stars would sound like coming back from

2187
01:19:07,110 --> 01:19:05,760
voyager and there's a plasma wave

2188
01:19:09,430 --> 01:19:07,120
spectrometer

2189
01:19:12,470 --> 01:19:09,440
that recorded those data

2190
01:19:14,950 --> 01:19:12,480
now cassini was launched 17 years ago so

2191
01:19:16,709 --> 01:19:14,960
that's about one-third of the the 50

2192
01:19:18,790 --> 01:19:16,719
years from the dsn

2193
01:19:21,750 --> 01:19:18,800
and cassini has been sending back data

2194
01:19:23,910 --> 01:19:21,760
continuously and and for me probably the

2195
01:19:26,550 --> 01:19:23,920
one of the biggest most interesting

2196
01:19:28,950 --> 01:19:26,560
discoveries for cassini was actually

2197
01:19:31,590 --> 01:19:28,960
seeing this tiny moon enceladus

2198
01:19:34,870 --> 01:19:31,600
it's 300 miles across you could fit it

2199
01:19:37,030 --> 01:19:34,880
between los angeles and san francisco

2200
01:19:40,229 --> 01:19:37,040
and yet coming out of cracks at its

2201
01:19:42,870 --> 01:19:40,239
south pole were these jets of salt water

2202
01:19:45,510 --> 01:19:42,880
coming out and going out into space and

2203
01:19:47,350 --> 01:19:45,520
creating a very beautiful ring the

2204
01:19:48,229 --> 01:19:47,360
e-ring in fact if you look at the next

2205
01:19:50,229 --> 01:19:48,239
image

2206
01:19:52,310 --> 01:19:50,239
this is one of my very favorite pictures

2207
01:19:55,590 --> 01:19:52,320
it was taken last july

2208
01:19:57,430 --> 01:19:55,600
it's made up of 141 images and that very

2209
01:20:00,229 --> 01:19:57,440
outermost blue ring

2210
01:20:03,830 --> 01:20:00,239
that's the e-ring being supplied by the

2211
01:20:05,830 --> 01:20:03,840
water jets coming from tiny enceladus

2212
01:20:08,470 --> 01:20:05,840
and you'll notice there's a bright ring

2213
01:20:10,709 --> 01:20:08,480
around the outermost limb of saturn and

2214
01:20:14,149 --> 01:20:10,719
if you think about it that's every

2215
01:20:16,470 --> 01:20:14,159
sunrise and every sunset on saturn that

2216
01:20:18,470 --> 01:20:16,480
we can see at the same time

2217
01:20:20,070 --> 01:20:18,480
also in this image you have mars and

2218
01:20:22,790 --> 01:20:20,080
venus and the earth so you have four

2219
01:20:25,189 --> 01:20:22,800
planets in this particular mosaic and on

2220
01:20:26,709 --> 01:20:25,199
that day in july we asked everyone to

2221
01:20:29,270 --> 01:20:26,719
wave at saturn

2222
01:20:31,110 --> 01:20:29,280
while cassini was taking those pictures

2223
01:20:32,950 --> 01:20:31,120
and so there are little photons that had

2224
01:20:35,110 --> 01:20:32,960
come into the cassini cameras of all of

2225
01:20:37,669 --> 01:20:35,120
those people from around around the

2226
01:20:39,350 --> 01:20:37,679
world waving at saturn

2227
01:20:41,590 --> 01:20:39,360
and of course you can't do any of this

2228
01:20:43,350 --> 01:20:41,600
without the data from the dsn so it's

2229
01:20:45,189 --> 01:20:43,360
really pivotal in

2230
01:20:47,030 --> 01:20:45,199
getting our understanding

2231
01:20:48,950 --> 01:20:47,040
increased to actually have those data

2232
01:20:50,709 --> 01:20:48,960
come back and so

2233
01:20:53,830 --> 01:20:50,719
with that if there's any questions we'd

2234
01:20:58,229 --> 01:20:55,830
do we have any questions

2235
01:21:00,070 --> 01:20:58,239
okay alice we'll get to this one first

2236
01:21:01,590 --> 01:21:00,080
and then we'll go in the back there and

2237
01:21:03,430 --> 01:21:01,600
then over on this side

2238
01:21:05,270 --> 01:21:03,440
sorry it's probably an obvious question

2239
01:21:07,590 --> 01:21:05,280
based on what you said but

2240
01:21:09,270 --> 01:21:07,600
then with any of that stuff that your

2241
01:21:12,310 --> 01:21:09,280
your you all have been discussing been

2242
01:21:13,910 --> 01:21:12,320
possible without dsn

2243
01:21:15,510 --> 01:21:13,920
it would have been for the outer planet

2244
01:21:17,669 --> 01:21:15,520
missions especially if you didn't have

2245
01:21:19,030 --> 01:21:17,679
the dsn you think about what they did in

2246
01:21:21,510 --> 01:21:19,040
some of the early days where you would

2247
01:21:23,590 --> 01:21:21,520
take pictures put it on film and send

2248
01:21:25,990 --> 01:21:23,600
the film back and that certainly would

2249
01:21:29,110 --> 01:21:26,000
be a very long and tedious way so the

2250
01:21:30,390 --> 01:21:29,120
dsn is really key especially for

2251
01:21:32,950 --> 01:21:30,400
missions that are far away you know

2252
01:21:34,790 --> 01:21:32,960
voyager with one and a half days round

2253
01:21:37,830 --> 01:21:34,800
trip light time that's a long way to

2254
01:21:42,070 --> 01:21:39,990
so dss-14 is really unique instrument

2255
01:21:44,310 --> 01:21:42,080
for us there are only two planetary

2256
01:21:46,470 --> 01:21:44,320
radars in the world and this is one of

2257
01:21:47,510 --> 01:21:46,480
two so we are getting tremendous science

2258
01:21:49,270 --> 01:21:47,520
every time

2259
01:21:52,149 --> 01:21:49,280
uh you know when we observe asteroids

2260
01:21:54,629 --> 01:21:52,159
and uh definitely um

2261
01:21:56,390 --> 01:21:54,639
i really can't imagine um you know i

2262
01:21:57,990 --> 01:21:56,400
can't imagine you know kind of science

2263
01:21:59,030 --> 01:21:58,000
science productivity that we have

2264
01:22:01,910 --> 01:21:59,040
without

2265
01:22:03,510 --> 01:22:01,920
uh dss 14.

2266
01:22:06,550 --> 01:22:03,520
the only thing i'll add to that is um

2267
01:22:08,390 --> 01:22:06,560
you know it's the dsn is uh

2268
01:22:10,149 --> 01:22:08,400
it's completely enabling for curiosity

2269
01:22:11,430 --> 01:22:10,159
but we also need the orbiters the

2270
01:22:13,750 --> 01:22:11,440
amazing thing is we're building a whole

2271
01:22:15,750 --> 01:22:13,760
communications infrastructure out there

2272
01:22:18,550 --> 01:22:15,760
you know we send commands directly from

2273
01:22:19,990 --> 01:22:18,560
the dsn dishes to curiosity but that's

2274
01:22:21,830 --> 01:22:20,000
not that much data just a list of

2275
01:22:23,830 --> 01:22:21,840
instructions for the day but to get all

2276
01:22:25,270 --> 01:22:23,840
those gorgeous images back curiosity

2277
01:22:27,350 --> 01:22:25,280
first talks to the orbiters and the

2278
01:22:28,950 --> 01:22:27,360
orbiters relay at a much higher rate

2279
01:22:30,709 --> 01:22:28,960
that the dsn can

2280
01:22:33,270 --> 01:22:30,719
accept from the orbiters uh back to

2281
01:22:35,669 --> 01:22:33,280
earth so you know it's a it's a link in

2282
01:22:37,510 --> 01:22:35,679
a chain that we totally need to get all

2283
01:22:39,350 --> 01:22:37,520
these gorgeous pictures back and video

2284
01:22:40,550 --> 01:22:39,360
one day

2285
01:22:41,669 --> 01:22:40,560
okay we had a question right there on

2286
01:22:44,149 --> 01:22:41,679
the end

2287
01:22:46,070 --> 01:22:44,159
yeah hi uh marina i was wondering okay

2288
01:22:47,669 --> 01:22:46,080
you said those were replicas of the

2289
01:22:49,350 --> 01:22:47,679
asteroids

2290
01:22:50,629 --> 01:22:49,360
their reconstruction of the shapes

2291
01:22:53,430 --> 01:22:50,639
because

2292
01:22:55,510 --> 01:22:53,440
so are asteroids that smooth or are they

2293
01:22:57,669 --> 01:22:55,520
like that movie where they were all

2294
01:22:59,270 --> 01:22:57,679
rugged and dry oh well yeah we are

2295
01:23:01,669 --> 01:22:59,280
limited with the resolution of the data

2296
01:23:04,149 --> 01:23:01,679
that we have so obviously in the past

2297
01:23:07,110 --> 01:23:04,159
since 2010 we have this capability to

2298
01:23:10,870 --> 01:23:07,120
image uh two image asteroids uh with uh

2299
01:23:13,110 --> 01:23:10,880
you know 12 feet resolution so anything

2300
01:23:15,669 --> 01:23:13,120
you know these uh these models um

2301
01:23:18,390 --> 01:23:15,679
usually match the data resolution

2302
01:23:20,550 --> 01:23:18,400
and the all these are based on a

2303
01:23:22,870 --> 01:23:20,560
more coarser data not necessarily you

2304
01:23:25,750 --> 01:23:22,880
know uh fine details

2305
01:23:27,590 --> 01:23:25,760
so um so yeah it is uh

2306
01:23:30,149 --> 01:23:27,600
the asteroids are not definitely that

2307
01:23:32,709 --> 01:23:30,159
smooth we know that uh many of them have

2308
01:23:35,510 --> 01:23:32,719
these surface boulders a lot of them

2309
01:23:37,030 --> 01:23:35,520
have the concavities and and i didn't

2310
01:23:39,030 --> 01:23:37,040
bring you examples of the asteroids

2311
01:23:41,030 --> 01:23:39,040
where we actually clearly see you know

2312
01:23:43,189 --> 01:23:41,040
something like concavities and ridges

2313
01:23:45,270 --> 01:23:43,199
and hills and so there is much more

2314
01:23:47,189 --> 01:23:45,280
diversity than what i what i i just

2315
01:23:48,870 --> 01:23:47,199
picked up this was the first thing lying

2316
01:23:50,629 --> 01:23:48,880
on my desk this morning so

2317
01:23:52,310 --> 01:23:50,639
this is what you end up seeing but we

2318
01:23:54,550 --> 01:23:52,320
have many more i mean this one is pretty

2319
01:23:56,310 --> 01:23:54,560
rugged if you look this is europe and it

2320
01:23:59,110 --> 01:23:56,320
looks it's it's everything but smooth

2321
01:24:03,590 --> 01:23:59,120
this is about 120 meter object

2322
01:24:04,790 --> 01:24:03,600
and definitely a lot of structure there

2323
01:24:07,590 --> 01:24:04,800
do we have another question in the room

2324
01:24:11,510 --> 01:24:09,750
yes this is uh for marina as well as a

2325
01:24:15,990 --> 01:24:11,520
paleontologist i'm

2326
01:24:17,510 --> 01:24:16,000
really interested in asteroids um

2327
01:24:19,270 --> 01:24:17,520
mainly because you know dinosaurs went

2328
01:24:22,790 --> 01:24:19,280
bye-bye thanks to one

2329
01:24:24,790 --> 01:24:22,800
the thing i want to to know uh as well

2330
01:24:26,229 --> 01:24:24,800
as everyone watching and throughout

2331
01:24:27,910 --> 01:24:26,239
twitter and all that

2332
01:24:29,750 --> 01:24:27,920
so many people are concerned with

2333
01:24:31,910 --> 01:24:29,760
extinction-level events of asteroid

2334
01:24:34,310 --> 01:24:31,920
impacts could you please just tell us

2335
01:24:35,910 --> 01:24:34,320
the infinitesimal possibility of

2336
01:24:39,590 --> 01:24:35,920
everything lining up

2337
01:24:41,350 --> 01:24:39,600
because it's it's not that certain or

2338
01:24:44,550 --> 01:24:41,360
even

2339
01:24:46,149 --> 01:24:44,560
remotely possible it is but it's just

2340
01:24:48,550 --> 01:24:46,159
tiny little

2341
01:24:50,629 --> 01:24:48,560
window of opportunity more or less

2342
01:24:52,870 --> 01:24:50,639
well i can tell you that uh well nessa

2343
01:24:54,790 --> 01:24:52,880
is obviously nasa through its surveys is

2344
01:24:56,830 --> 01:24:54,800
keeping a very close watch

2345
01:25:00,149 --> 01:24:56,840
on on asteroids and

2346
01:25:02,870 --> 01:25:00,159
the lot of the survey of a really large

2347
01:25:03,910 --> 01:25:02,880
ones has been completed so at this point

2348
01:25:06,310 --> 01:25:03,920
we know

2349
01:25:07,990 --> 01:25:06,320
we have mapped everything that is larger

2350
01:25:10,390 --> 01:25:08,000
than one kilometer

2351
01:25:13,430 --> 01:25:10,400
um that it we we mapped it at the order

2352
01:25:15,590 --> 01:25:13,440
of the survey is complete at like 99

2353
01:25:18,229 --> 01:25:15,600
level there's only a handful of objects

2354
01:25:20,390 --> 01:25:18,239
out there that we haven't seen yet that

2355
01:25:22,550 --> 01:25:20,400
we don't know about so that's a very

2356
01:25:23,910 --> 01:25:22,560
good news for us because actually the

2357
01:25:27,750 --> 01:25:23,920
one that

2358
01:25:29,430 --> 01:25:27,760
that impacted um in mexico and that

2359
01:25:31,110 --> 01:25:29,440
caused the dinosaur extinction i believe

2360
01:25:33,669 --> 01:25:31,120
it was a really big monster it was

2361
01:25:36,070 --> 01:25:33,679
something like 10 kilometers so we know

2362
01:25:37,990 --> 01:25:36,080
we know about those objects but still

2363
01:25:40,550 --> 01:25:38,000
there are a lot of smaller objects that

2364
01:25:42,950 --> 01:25:40,560
can also cause significant damage so

2365
01:25:44,950 --> 01:25:42,960
nasa has a goal to really map out all

2366
01:25:48,229 --> 01:25:44,960
the objects that are larger than about

2367
01:25:50,229 --> 01:25:48,239
130 meters in diameter because they can

2368
01:25:52,550 --> 01:25:50,239
they can still cause a significant uh

2369
01:25:55,830 --> 01:25:52,560
damage and definitely efforts are on the

2370
01:25:57,510 --> 01:25:55,840
way to to really make sure that we know

2371
01:25:59,350 --> 01:25:57,520
where everything is is in near

2372
01:26:01,430 --> 01:25:59,360
population

2373
01:26:03,030 --> 01:26:01,440
um you know i'll add to that also that

2374
01:26:05,189 --> 01:26:03,040
all of the information about every

2375
01:26:06,950 --> 01:26:05,199
asteroid that has been discovered and is

2376
01:26:08,790 --> 01:26:06,960
now being tracked all of its online it's

2377
01:26:11,110 --> 01:26:08,800
available to anyone and we actually here

2378
01:26:13,830 --> 01:26:11,120
at jpl have a twitter account called

2379
01:26:15,430 --> 01:26:13,840
asteroid watch and we don't tell you

2380
01:26:16,709 --> 01:26:15,440
about every single asteroid but we can

2381
01:26:19,430 --> 01:26:16,719
direct you to the full list it's

2382
01:26:21,110 --> 01:26:19,440
enormous you'd be surprised um but we do

2383
01:26:23,590 --> 01:26:21,120
tell you if there's an asteroid that is

2384
01:26:25,830 --> 01:26:23,600
going to come within about uh three or

2385
01:26:27,110 --> 01:26:25,840
four lunar distances that kind of puts a

2386
01:26:28,870 --> 01:26:27,120
good picture in people's mind about how

2387
01:26:30,870 --> 01:26:28,880
far out that is that it would be about a

2388
01:26:32,229 --> 01:26:30,880
million miles right so we when when

2389
01:26:34,149 --> 01:26:32,239
they're coming within that distance

2390
01:26:36,550 --> 01:26:34,159
we'll often tweet about them just so

2391
01:26:38,629 --> 01:26:36,560
that uh people get a feel for how often

2392
01:26:40,470 --> 01:26:38,639
that actually does happen it happens

2393
01:26:43,110 --> 01:26:40,480
quite a bit i think the

2394
01:26:44,790 --> 01:26:43,120
one passes between earth and the moon um

2395
01:26:47,590 --> 01:26:44,800
every couple of weeks and and those are

2396
01:26:49,270 --> 01:26:47,600
mostly very very small objects that

2397
01:26:50,470 --> 01:26:49,280
would just burn up in the atmosphere

2398
01:26:52,629 --> 01:26:50,480
even if they did

2399
01:26:54,070 --> 01:26:52,639
get close to earth

2400
01:26:55,750 --> 01:26:54,080
uh we have a question over here in the

2401
01:26:57,350 --> 01:26:55,760
back let me get you the microphone oh

2402
01:26:59,189 --> 01:26:57,360
you've got one great

2403
01:27:01,030 --> 01:26:59,199
um with all the advances that we've had

2404
01:27:03,270 --> 01:27:01,040
in the past over 50 years

2405
01:27:04,470 --> 01:27:03,280
since we launched when was warrior one

2406
01:27:07,990 --> 01:27:04,480
launched

2407
01:27:10,229 --> 01:27:08,000
97 87 77 all the advances that we've had

2408
01:27:11,510 --> 01:27:10,239
in technology since are there any plans

2409
01:27:14,149 --> 01:27:11,520
to send other

2410
01:27:15,590 --> 01:27:14,159
spacecrafts out into the universe to get

2411
01:27:18,229 --> 01:27:15,600
other data that we might not be able to

2412
01:27:19,910 --> 01:27:18,239
get in be getting right now from voyager

2413
01:27:21,910 --> 01:27:19,920
i have plans to

2414
01:27:23,669 --> 01:27:21,920
well voyager is the only

2415
01:27:24,950 --> 01:27:23,679
the spacecraft that's leaving the solar

2416
01:27:27,590 --> 01:27:24,960
system and you can think of it as our

2417
01:27:29,669 --> 01:27:27,600
silent ambassador going out into space

2418
01:27:31,430 --> 01:27:29,679
it carries a gold record it has

2419
01:27:33,750 --> 01:27:31,440
information without the sights and

2420
01:27:35,270 --> 01:27:33,760
sounds of earth and even how to find us

2421
01:27:37,030 --> 01:27:35,280
if you can read the pictures on the

2422
01:27:39,030 --> 01:27:37,040
cover of the record

2423
01:27:40,950 --> 01:27:39,040
there are other missions in the you know

2424
01:27:43,110 --> 01:27:40,960
just the planning and thought processes

2425
01:27:45,350 --> 01:27:43,120
to perhaps go out further to other

2426
01:27:47,669 --> 01:27:45,360
planets new horizons for instance is

2427
01:27:49,669 --> 01:27:47,679
going to fly by pluto and then on out to

2428
01:27:53,590 --> 01:27:49,679
a kuiper belt object so we're slowly

2429
01:27:55,270 --> 01:27:53,600
expanding the range in which we explore

2430
01:27:58,310 --> 01:27:55,280
we are getting very close to the end of

2431
01:27:59,990 --> 01:27:58,320
our time now on with nasa television um

2432
01:28:01,669 --> 01:28:00,000
you all are invited to stay and and

2433
01:28:04,229 --> 01:28:01,679
answer some more questions after our

2434
01:28:06,629 --> 01:28:04,239
broadcast ends for those of you watching

2435
01:28:07,910 --> 01:28:06,639
uh on nasa tv or on the live stream i

2436
01:28:10,709 --> 01:28:07,920
invite you to

2437
01:28:12,709 --> 01:28:10,719
follow now the hashtag dsn50 you'll be

2438
01:28:14,310 --> 01:28:12,719
sure to get plenty more pictures and

2439
01:28:15,910 --> 01:28:14,320
information coming from the people who

2440
01:28:18,709 --> 01:28:15,920
are in this room today

2441
01:28:21,430 --> 01:28:18,719
and now we're going to do a

2442
01:28:23,750 --> 01:28:21,440
nasa social tradition which is we take a

2443
01:28:25,590 --> 01:28:23,760
group photograph at every single nasa

2444
01:28:27,590 --> 01:28:25,600
social now we are in a very special room

2445
01:28:30,470 --> 01:28:27,600
today and we decided here that this

2446
01:28:33,030 --> 01:28:30,480
requires a very special moment and photo

2447
01:28:36,229 --> 01:28:33,040
so i'm going to let these two give the

2448
01:28:49,270 --> 01:28:36,239
cue and the rest of you know what to do